Edward's Invasion of Scotland Flashcards
When did Edward I cross the River Tweed?
On 12th March 1296, at the head of a large army.
What was Edward’s initial action upon crossing the River Tweed?
He gave the inhabitants of Berwick three days to surrender.
What happened when the inhabitants of Berwick taunted Edward?
Edward ordered an attack, and none within the town were spared.
How did the castle garrison respond to Edward’s siege?
They surrendered without reprisal, following the rules of chivalry.
What happened to the townspeople of Berwick?
The townspeople were slaughtered, and the massacre lasted for three days.
How many people were estimated to be killed in Berwick?
Between 7,500 and 15,000 of the population were killed.
What happened to Berwick after the massacre?
The town was repopulated with English people from Northumbria.
What was Edward’s next military action after Berwick?
He sent Earl Warenne of Surrey to capture Dunbar Castle.
What happened with Dunbar Castle?
The Scottish Earl in control had agreed to surrender, but his wife, a Comyn, gave possession to the Scottish forces.
What did Warenne decide to do after the Scottish forces took Dunbar Castle?
Warenne decided to fight. The Scottish forces’ charge was unsuccessful.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Dunbar?
Warenne’s men easily defeated the Scottish forces.
What were the consequences of the Battle of Dunbar for Scotland?
Many Guardians and over 130 nobles were captured, leaving Scotland without effective leadership.
How did the Battle of Dunbar impact morale in Scotland?
There was a significant drop in morale, and many commanders decided the conflict was over.
What was the state of Scotland after the battle?
Scotland had a divided front, with nobles focused on protecting their own territories.
