Real Life Applications

Question 1

Dement and Kleitman

Answer 1

• to diagnose a potential sleep disorder in a patient (e.g. insomnia, narcolepsy
• they could undergo an EEG whilst sleeping to see if REM and nREM sleep is happening ‘correctly’ (typical to average sleepers)

Question 2

Bandura

Answer 2

• Boys were much more likely to imitate the physical aggression of a same-sex model (1 mark).
• Therefore, parents could get their boys to witness same-sex models showing friendly behaviour so they imitate that instead (1 mark)

Question 3

Baron-Cohen

Answer 3

• eyes test could be used as diagnostic tool for AS/HFA
• those who score low may show a lack of ToM
• eyes test can be used to improve social intelligence in people with AS/HFA
• a therapist can run through the test with them explaining why each emotion is being shown

Question 4

Milgram

Answer 4

• a government official could get the general public to be more obedient by changing clothing/vocally
• e.g. wearing clothes that show authority
• e.g. give out commands in stern tone

Question 5

Saavedra and Silverman

Answer 5

• Therapy based on classical conditioning can be used to treat some phobias
• It also shows the long-term improvement from exposure therapies.

Question 6

Piliavin

Answer 6

• individual is more likely to be offered help if they do not intimidate, embarrass, or disgust the helper.
• specific situational factors that may make bystanders more likely to help such as, same race or same-sex.

Question 7

Fagen

Answer 7

• Maintains well-being of elephants using reward-based learning rather than punishment.
• Increased safety for animal and handler against transmission of TB as SPR uses protected contact

Question 8

Hassett

Answer 8

• Results suggest that boys like wheeled toys, so if a parent wants to develop their empathy, toy vehicles with expressive faces can be bought.
• As girls like plush toys with faces, their visuospatial skills can be improved by using toys with moving parts but in a context where dolls are included. For example, playing a scene with toy school buses and dolls.

Question 9

Andrade

Answer 9

• Might be useful for students when they are revising for examinations.
• If students have a podcast to listen to or are reading notes it may be useful to doodle at the same time.

Question 10

Pozzulo

Answer 10

• law enforcement should not rely on children’s testimonies as they tend to be very inaccurate
• although the adults were better at identifying/rejecting faces, some still provided wrong answers which means eyewitness testimony shouldn’t be the sole method of identifying suspects
• other methods like DNA analysis, CCTV footage, etc. can be used in addition to form a solid judgement

Question 11

Holzel

Answer 11

• People can apply MBSR exercises to help reduce their stress levels and improve their mental and physical wellbeing
• Organisations can incorporate MBSR training sessions for their employees who may be experiencing high levels of work place stress
• individuals can regulate their emotions and cognitions for healthier psychological functioning with MBSR or mindfulness exercises