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Chemistry > Reactions of ions in aqueous solution > Flashcards

Reactions of ions in aqueous solution Flashcards

1
Q

What metals form 2+ complexes

A

Fe
Cu

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2
Q

What metals form 3+ complexes

A

Fe
Al

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3
Q

Why are 3+ complexes more acidic than 2+ ones

A

The electrons in the O-H bonds are further away from the hydrogens in 3+ ions.

This makes the hydrogen atoms in the ligand water molecules have a greater positive charge, making them more attracted to water molecules in the solution.

As a result, they are more readily lost, making 3+ ions more acidic.

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4
Q

Why is aluminium special

A

It is amphoteric so its hydroxides dissolve in acid and bases

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5
Q

Why is
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + H2O —> [Cu(H2O)5(OH)]+ + H3O+
less acidic than
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H2O —> [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ + H3O+

A

The equilibrium of the Fe reaction is further to the right so more hydronium ions produces

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6
Q

What is the end point for most metal complexes

A

M(H2O)(OH)2 - this is now neutral so no ppt will form

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7
Q

What is important to remember about
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- —> Cu(H2O)4(OH)- + 2H2O
What type of reaction is it?

A

The H+ are being lost from the water. It isn’t ligand substitution
It is an acid-base reaction

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8
Q

What are the 2 reactions that take place when ammonia is added to [Cu(H2O)6]2+
What types are the reactions

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 —> Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 + 2NH4+

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 + 4NH3 —> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ + 2H2O + 2OH-

1st = acid-base
2nd = ligand substitution

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9
Q

What is the reaction that takes place between a carbonate ion and [Cu(H2O)6]2+

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + CO3 2- —> CuCO3 + 6H2O

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10
Q

What is the reaction that takes place between a carbonate ion and [Cu(H2O)6]3+

A

2[Cu(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- —> 2Cu(OH)3(H2O)3 + 3H2O + 3CO2

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11
Q

Why do M3+ ions form CO2 when reacting with a carbonate

A

Their high charge density makes it too acidic to from carbonate ions so CO2 is made instead

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12
Q

What is the reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and Cl-

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- —> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O

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13
Q

Why do ligands replace water ligands

A

Bonds between new ligand and metal ion is stronger.
New ligand is present in very high conc.
An increase in entropy

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14
Q

What are all of the equations of [Al(H2O)6]3+ reacting with OH-

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + OH- —> [Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ + H2O
[Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ + OH- —> [Al(H2O)4(OH)2]+ + H2O
[Al(H2O)4(OH)2]+ + OH- —> Al(H2O)3(OH)3 + H2O
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 + OH- —> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + H2O
[Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + OH- —> [Al(H2O)(OH)5]2- + H2O
[Al(H2O)(OH)5]2- + OH- —> [Al(OH)6]3- + H2O

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15
Q

Give 2 equations to show aluminium is amphoteric

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 + 3H+ —> [Al(H2O)6]3+
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 + 3OH- —> [Al(OH)6]3-

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16
Q

What is the formula for the iron (II) aqueous ion
What colour will the solution be

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+
Green solution

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17
Q

What is produces when an iron (II) aqueous ion reacts with NaOH

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2
Green ppt goes brown when standing in air

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18
Q

What is produces when an iron (II) aqueous ion reacts with an excess of NaOH

A

No further change

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19
Q

What is produced when an iron (II) aqueous ion reacts with NH3

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2
Green ppt goes brown when standing in air

20
Q

What is produces when an iron (II) aqueous ion reacts with an excess of NH3

A

No further change

21
Q

What is produced when an iron (II) aqueous ion reacts with Na2CO3

A

FeCO3
Green ppt

22
Q

What is the formula for the copper (II) aqueous ion
What colour will the solution be

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+
Blue solution

23
Q

What is produces when a copper (II) aqueous ion reacts with NaOH

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2
Blue ppt

24
Q

What is produced when a copper (II) aqueous ion reacts with an excess of NaOH

A

No further change
Remains Cu(H2O)4(OH) with blue precipitate

25
Q

What is produces when a copper (II) aqueous ion reacts with NH3

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2
Blue ppt

26
Q

What is produces when a copper (II) aqueous ion reacts with an excess of NH3

A

Deep blue solution
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+

27
Q

What is produced when a copper (II) aqueous ion reacts with Na2CO3

A

CuCO3
blue-green ppt

28
Q

What is the formula for the iron (III) aqueous ion
What colour will the solution be

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+
Purple solution
May look yellow-brown due to some [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+

29
Q

What is produced when an iron (III) aqueous ion reacts with NaOH

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3
Brown ppt
May look orange brown

30
Q

What is produces when an iron (III) aqueous ion reacts with an excess NaOH

A

No further change

31
Q

What is produces when an iron (III) aqueous ion reacts with NH3

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3
Brown ppt
May look orange brown

32
Q

What is produces when an iron (III) aqueous ion reacts with an excess of NH3

A

No further change

33
Q

What is produces when an iron (III) aqueous ion reacts with Na2CO3

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3
Brown ppt
May look orange brown
CO2 gas evolved

34
Q

What is the formula for the Aluminium (III) aqueous ion
What colour will the solution be

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+
Colourless solution

35
Q

What is produces when an Al (III) aqueous ion reacts with NaOH

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3
White ppt

36
Q

What is produces when an Al (III) aqueous ion reacts with an excess of NaOH

A

[Al(OH)4]-
Goes back to colourless

37
Q

What is produces when an Al (III) aqueous ion reacts with NH3

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3
White ppt

38
Q

What is produces when an Al (III) aqueous ion reacts with Na2CO3

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3
White ppt
CO2 gas evolved

39
Q

What is produced when an Al (III) aqueous ion reacts with an excess of NH3

A

No further change
Remains Al(H2O)3(OH)3

40
Q

What colour is Vanadium (5) is acidic solution

A

yellow

41
Q

What colour is Vanadium (4) is acidic solution

A

blue

42
Q

What colour is Vanadium (3) is acidic solution

A

green

43
Q

What colour is Vanadium (2) is acidic solution

A

purple

44
Q

Explain why colorimetry cannot be used to determine the concentration of solutions containing [CuCl2]−
In your answer refer to the electron configuration of the metal ion.

A

It has a full D sub shell

So can’t absorb frequencies of visible light

45
Q

How to get Fe3+ to Fe2+

A

Zn

Chemistry (36 decks)

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