Amines Flashcards
What is an amine
A compound based on ammonia where hydrogen has been replaced by alkyl groups or aryl groups
What does aliphatic mean
An open chain
How can primary aliphatic amines be made
(2 ways)
Nucleophilic substitution with ammonia
Reduction of nitriles
How are aromatic amines made? Oxidation / reduction
Reduction of Nitrobenzene
What are aromatic amines used for
Manufacture of dyes
Are amines an acid/base and strong/weak
Weak base
What is the order of base strength between ammonia, primary aliphatic and primary aromatic amines
Primary amine>ammonia>aromatic amine
A primary amines alkyl group will push electrons to the N because of the positive inductive effect making them stronger
Aromatic amines withdraw electrons from the N making them weaker
Other than a weak base, what can amines react as?
Nucleophiles
What is formed when ammonia reacts with a halogenoalkane
A primary aliphatic amine
Is a primary aliphatic amine reactive
Yes as it is a nucleophile and so can react with a halogenoalkane again to produce a secondary aliphatic amine
What are quaternary ammonium salts used for?
Cationic surfactants - Both wet fabric pick up negative charges on their surfaces. So the positive charges of the cations attract them to the wet surface and form a coating that prevents the build-up of static electricity. This keeps the surface of the fabric smooth
How can yield of primary amine be increased when reacting ammonia with a halogenoalkane?
Use a large excess of ammonia
