Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

A

-OH

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2
Q

What is an alcohol general formula

A

CnH2n+1OH

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3
Q

How do you name alcohols

A

Either Hydroxy or ol

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4
Q

What type of intermolecular forces do alcohols have

A

Hydrogen bonding

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5
Q

Alcohols solubility?

A

OH H bonds with water but carbon chain is insoluble. Short chain alcohols to dissolve but long chain don’t

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6
Q

What makes an alcohol primary

A

C bonded to OH is only bonded to 1 C

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7
Q

How can ethanol be made from Crude oil? (What catalyst used?)

A

Hydration of ethene with phosphoric acid catalyst

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8
Q

Why can ethanol be a carbon neutral fuel?

A

The carbon dioxide released when it is burnt is balanced by the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant from which it was originally obtained, during photosynthesis.

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9
Q

Why is fermented ethanol not carbon neutral?

A

Energy is needed to transport the crops and to process the ethanol whilst it undergoes fractional distillation

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10
Q

Pros/Cons of ethanol from crude oil

A

Pros: fast continuous process, ethanol is very pure
Cons: not renewable as from crude oil

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11
Q

In the future, how might ethene be made

A

Dehydrate ethanol made from fermentation

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12
Q

How is ethanol made from fermentation

A

Plant sugars fermented at 35 degrees celsius under anaerobic conditions in ethanol with yeast

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13
Q

Pros/Cons of ethanol from fermentation

A

Pros: renewable as from plants
Cons: Slow, batch process, enzymes stop at 15% alcohol so solution isn’t pure
Needs to be fractionally distilled

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14
Q

What do you get when a primary alcohol is partially oxidised

A

An aldehyde

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15
Q

What do you get when you fully oxidise a primary alcohol

A

A carboxylic acid

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16
Q

What forms when you oxidise a secondary alcohol

A

A ketone

17
Q

What can’t you oxidise a tertiary alcohol

A

A carbon carbon bond would have to break

18
Q

Acid catalysed elimination of ethanol

A
19
Q

How do hydrogen bonds form

A