Alcohols Flashcards
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
-OH
What is an alcohol general formula
CnH2n+1OH
How do you name alcohols
Either Hydroxy or ol
What type of intermolecular forces do alcohols have
Hydrogen bonding
Alcohols solubility?
OH H bonds with water but carbon chain is insoluble. Short chain alcohols to dissolve but long chain don’t
What makes an alcohol primary
C bonded to OH is only bonded to 1 C
How can ethanol be made from Crude oil? (What catalyst used?)
Hydration of ethene with phosphoric acid catalyst
Why can ethanol be a carbon neutral fuel?
The carbon dioxide released when it is burnt is balanced by the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant from which it was originally obtained, during photosynthesis.
Why is fermented ethanol not carbon neutral?
Energy is needed to transport the crops and to process the ethanol whilst it undergoes fractional distillation
Pros/Cons of ethanol from crude oil
Pros: fast continuous process, ethanol is very pure
Cons: not renewable as from crude oil
In the future, how might ethene be made
Dehydrate ethanol made from fermentation
How is ethanol made from fermentation
Plant sugars fermented at 35 degrees celsius under anaerobic conditions in ethanol with yeast
Pros/Cons of ethanol from fermentation
Pros: renewable as from plants
Cons: Slow, batch process, enzymes stop at 15% alcohol so solution isn’t pure
Needs to be fractionally distilled
What do you get when a primary alcohol is partially oxidised
An aldehyde
What do you get when you fully oxidise a primary alcohol
A carboxylic acid