Reaction pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane
DRAW

A

reagent: halogen
conditions: UV radiation
mechanism: radical substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alkene to haloalkane
DRAW

A

Reagent: hydrogen halide / halogen
Mechanism: electrophilic addition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Reagent: steam
Conditions: H3PO4, heat, high pressure
Mechanism: hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Reagents: secondary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, distillation
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Reagents: primary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, distillation
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Reagents: primary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, reflux
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Reagents: c. H3PO4
Conditions: reflux, heat
Mechanism: elimination/ dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane
DRAW

A

Reagents: NaBr
Conditions: H2SO4
Mechanisms: nucleophilic substitution
Side product: H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alcohol to ester (1)

A

Reagents: carboxylic acid
Conditions: c. H2SO4
Mechanism: esterification
Side product: H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alcohol to ester(2)

A

Reagents: acid anhydride Mechanism: esterification
Side product: carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol
DRAW

A

Reagent: NaOH(aq)
Conditions: H2O, heat, reflux
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution
Side product: hydrogen halide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Haloalkane to amine
DRAW

A

Reagents: NH3(g)
Conditions: ethanol
Side products: HX
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene
DRAW

A

Reagents: HNO3
Conditions: c.H2SO4, 55°C
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution / nitration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benzene to halo-benzene
DRAW

A

Reagents: X2
Conditions: AlX3(s), reflux
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution / halogenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benzene to alkyl-benzene
DRAW

A

Reagents: alkyl chloride
Conditions: AlCl3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution / alkylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benzene to acyl-benzene
DRAW

A

Reagents: acyl chloride
Conditions: AlCl3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution / acylation

17
Q

Phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

Reagents: NaOH / Na
Side products: H2O / H2

18
Q

Phenol to 2-nitrophenol or 4-nitrophenol

A

Reagents: dilute HNO3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution/ nitration

19
Q

Phenol to 2,4,6-nitrophenol

A

Reagents: c.HNO3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution/ nitration

20
Q

Phenol to 2,4,6 tribromophenol

A

Reagents: 3Br2
Side products: 3HBr
Observations: decolourises, produces white solid
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution/ bromination

21
Q

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

Reagent: Sn
Conditions: HCl
Mechanism: reduction

22
Q

Carbonyl to alcohol
DRAW

A

Reagents: NaBH4
Conditions: aqueous (H2O)
Mechanism: reduction/ nucleophilic addition

23
Q

Carbonyl to 2-hydroxynitrile
DRAW

A

Reagent: KCN/ H+
Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

24
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Reagent: K2Cr2O7/ c.H2SO4
Conditions: warm
Mechanism: oxidation
Observation: orange to green

25
Carboxylic acid to salt
Reagents: NaOH(aq) Mechanism: neutralisation Side product: H2O(l)
26
Carboxylic acid to acyl halides
Reagent: SOCl2(l) Conditions: anhydrous Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution Side product: SO2(g), HCl(g)
27
Ester to carboxylic acid (1)
Reagents: H2O Conditions: c. H2SO4, heat Mechanism: acid-hydrolysis
28
Ester to carboxylic acid (2)
Reagents: NaOH Conditions: heat, aqueous Product: carboxylate salt and alcohol Mechanism: base-hydrolysis
29
Acyl chloride to alcohol
Reagents: H2O
30
Acyl chloride to amine
Reagents: NH3
31
Acyl chloride to amide
Reagents: amine
32
Nitrile to amine (1)
Reagent: H2(g) Conditions: Ni Mechanism: reduction
33
Amine to salt
Reagent: acid Side product: water Mechanism: neutralisation
34
Amide to carboxylic acid
Reagent: H2O Conditions: HCl(aq), heat Side product: NH4+Cl- Mechanism: hydrolysis
35
Amide to salt
Reagent: NaOH Conditions: aqueous Side product: salt + NH3(g) Mechanism: hydrolysis
36
Nitrile to carboxylic acid
Reagents: H2O Conditions: H+ Side product: NH4+ Mechanism: hydrolysis