Alkanes Flashcards
1
Q
Fuel properties
A
- high energy output
- easy to ignite
- minimum environmental damage
- easy to transport/store
- easily manufactured
2
Q
Saturated
A
- C-C
- all atoms linked by single sigma bonds
3
Q
Hydrocarbon
A
molecule with only hydrogen and carbon
4
Q
Increased boiling point in alkanes
A
- increased Mr
- increased number of electrons
- increased surface contact
- more induced dipole-dipole forces
- more energy required to overcome intermolecular forces
5
Q
Decreasing boiling point in alkanes
A
- degree of branching increases
- decreased surface contact
- decreased induced dipole-dipole forces
6
Q
Low reactivity of alkanes
A
- CH bonds have low polarity
- strong sigma bonds
7
Q
Complete combusion
A
- produces carbon dioxide and water
- exothermic
8
Q
Incomplete combustion
A
- limited supply of oxygen
- produces carbon monoxide or carbon and water
9
Q
Carbon monoxide
A
- poisonous
- restricts effectiveness of blood
- limits transport of oxygen
10
Q
Radical
A
particle with one unpaired electron
11
Q
Alkane to haloalkane
A
reagent: halogen
conditions: UV radiation
mechanism: radical substitution
12
Q
Homolytic fission
A
- covalent bond is broken
- atoms each take one of the shared electrons
13
Q
Solubility
A
- low polarity
- insoluble in polar solvents
- form immiscible upper layer with water(denser)
14
Q
Trends in combustion
A
- branched chains more efficient
- lower boiling point
- less induced dipole-dipole forces
- easier to ignite- more volatile
