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A LEVEL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary

A

C-OH attached to one other carbon

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2
Q

Secondary

A

C-OH attached to two other carbons

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3
Q

Tertiary

A

C-OH attached to three other carbon

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4
Q

Boiling point of alcohol

A
  1. hydrogen bonds
  2. require lots of energy to overcome
  3. high boiling point
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5
Q

Miscibility with water

A
  1. hydrogen bonds with H2O form
  2. Mr of alcohol increases, miscibility decreases
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6
Q

Combustion of alcohol

A

produce carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Reagents: secondary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, distillation
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

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8
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Reagents: primary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, distillation
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

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9
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Reagents: primary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, reflux
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

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10
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Reagents: c. H3PO4
Conditions: reflux, heat
Mechanism: elimination/ dehydration

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11
Q

Equation of alcohol to carbonyl

A

alcohol + [O] -> carbonyl + H2O

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12
Q

Equation of alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

alcohol + 2[O] -> carboxylic acid + H2O

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13
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

Reagents: NaBr
Conditions: H2SO4
Mechanisms: nucleophilic substitution
Side product: H2O

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14
Q

Reactivity of alcohols

A

C-O and O-H are polar bonds

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15
Q

Oxidation of tertiary alcohols

A
  1. resistant
  2. attached carbon doesn’t have hydrogen
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16
Q

Alcohol to ester (1)

A

Reagents: carboxylic acid
Conditions: c. H2SO4
Mechanism: esterification
Side product: H2O

17
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Reagents: acid anhydride

  • readily reacts
  • not reversible

A LEVEL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (14 decks)

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