Practicals

Question 1

Reflux drawing

Answer 1

1. open top
2. condenser
3. heating source
4. upwards
5. pear-shaped flask

Question 2

Distillation drawing

Answer 2

1. closed top
2. condenser
3. heating source
4. sideways
5. pear-shaped flask
6. attached to flask
7. also attached to fume cupboard

Question 3

Distillation process

Answer 3

1. most volatile component evaporates first
2. condenses and separates from reaction mixture
3. prevents formation of carboxylic acid

Question 4

Separation of solid

Answer 4

1. filtration
2. Buchner funnel
3. attached to vacuum pump

Question 5

Separation of organic liquid

Answer 5

1. separating funnel
2. organic liquid immiscible with water
3. run off less dense layer
4. dried with anhydrous salt MgSO4 or CaCl2

Question 6

Purifying solids

Answer 6

1. dissolve in minimum volume of hot solvent
2. filter hot solution in heated funnel
3. cool to recrystallise
4. filter cold solution
5. add pure cold solvent
6. evaporate solvent

Question 7

Purifying organic liquids

Answer 7

1. shake with aqueous reagent
2. in separating funnel
3. wash with distilled water
4. dry with anhydrous salt
5. fractional distillation

Question 8

Check purity

Answer 8

1. conduct melting point test
2. compare to known values