Nitrogen-containing compounds

Question 1

Properties of amine

Answer 1

1. short chain are soluble in water
2. hydrogen bonding
3. weak base(lone pair on N)

Question 2

Amine salt to amine

Answer 2

Reagents: NaOH
Conditions: aqueous
Side products: H2O(l) + Cl-

Question 3

Nitrile to amine (1)

Answer 3

Reagent: LiAlH4
Conditions: anhydrous
Mechanism: reduction

Question 4

Nitrile reduction equation

Answer 4

nitrile + 4[H] -> amine
nitrile + 2H2(g) -> amine

Question 5

Nitrile to amine (2)

Answer 5

Reagent: Na/ alcohol
Conditions: anhydrous
Mechanism: reduction

Question 6

Nitrile to amine (3)

Answer 6

Reagent: H2(g)
Conditions: Ni
Mechanism: reduction

Question 7

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine equation

Answer 7

Benzene + 6[H] ->
phenylamine + 2H2O

Question 8

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine

Answer 8

Reagent: Sn
Conditions: HCl
Mechanism: reduction

Question 9

Amine to salt

Answer 9

Reagent: acid
Side product: water
Mechanism: neutralisation

Question 10

Amino acid to salt

Answer 10

Reagent: metal, metal oxides to carbonates
Mechanism: neutralisation

Question 11

Amide to carboxylic acid

Answer 11

Reagent: H2O
Conditions: HCl(aq), heat
Side product: NH4+Cl-
Mechanism: hydrolysis

Question 12

Amide to salt

Answer 12

Reagent: NaOH
Conditions: aqueous
Side product: salt + NH3(g)
Mechanism: hydrolysis

Question 13

Optical isomerism

Answer 13

1. chiral carbon
2. 4 different R groups
3. non-superimposable mirror image(enantiomer)

Question 14

Testing racemic mixture

Answer 14

1. One rotates polarised light to the left
2. One rotates polarised light to the right

Question 15

Amino acid properties

Answer 15

1. zwitterion
2. proton from COOH moves to NH2
3. high mpt and bpt

Question 16

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 16

Reagents: H2O
Conditions: H+
Side product: NH4+
Mechanism: hydrolysis