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HLK 2 > Rate & Rhythm Disturbances > Flashcards

Rate & Rhythm Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

Sinus arrhythmia-

A
  • Cyclic increase in normal HR with inspiration, decrease with expiration
  • Reflex changes in vagal influence on pacemaker
  • Young & elderly
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2
Q

Sinus arrhythmia- Sx

A
  • Disappears with breath holding, increased HR
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3
Q

Sinus arrhythmia- Dx/ Tx

A

No clinical significance

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4
Q

Sinus Bradycardia- Eti

A

< 60 BPM- increased vagal influence in pacemaker, SA node disease

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5
Q

Sinus Bradycardia-Sx

A
  • weakness, confusion, syncope

- may cause article, junctional or ventricular ectopic rhythms

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6
Q

Sinus Bradycardia- Dx

A

Rate increases with exercise or atropine

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7
Q

Sinus Bradycardia- Tx

A

Atropine & pacing

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8
Q

Sinus Tachycardia- Eti

A

> 100 BPM

- Rapid impulse formation of SA node

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9
Q

Sinus Tachycardia- Sx

A
  • Fever, exercise, emotion, pain, anemia, HF, shock, drugs

- Alchohol withdrawal

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10
Q

Sinus Tachycardia- Dx

A
  • Gradual onset & termination
  • infrequently exceeds 160 BPM
  • Regular rhythm, may change with position, breaths, sedation
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11
Q

Sinus Tachycardia- Tx

A
  • Beta blockers

- Modification of SA node

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12
Q

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia- Eti

A
  • AV nodal reentry tachycardia
  • AV accessory pathway
  • No structural heart disease
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13
Q

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia- Sx

A
  • 140-240 BPM, regular
  • Episodes begin & end abruptly- seconds to hours
  • Angina, dizzy, SOB,
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14
Q

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia- Dx

A
  • ECG: regular rhythm, increased rate

- P-wave differs in contour

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15
Q

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia- Tx

A
  • Terminate episode
  • valsalva, carotid sinus massage
  • Adenosine to block conduction of AV node
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16
Q

Wolffe-Parkinson-White syndrome- Eti

A

Superventricular tachycardia due to accessory connection between atrium & ventricle through Kent Bundles

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17
Q

Wolffe-Parkinson-White syndrome- Sx

A
  • Syncope
  • Rapid, regular rhythm
  • Palpations
  • Loss of pre excitation during exercise
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18
Q

Wolffe-Parkinson-White syndrome- Tx

A
  • Catheter ablation
19
Q

Atrial fibrillation- Eti

A
  • Most common
  • Increases in 7th decade
  • 60% revert to sinus rhythm within 24 hrs
  • HTN, MI, stroke
20
Q

Atrial fibrillation- Sx

A
  • Irregularly irregular pulse

- palpitations or fatigue

21
Q

Atrial fibrillation- Dx

A
  • ECG- ambulatory
22
Q

Atrial fibrillation- Tx

A

> 1 wk = anticoagulants & rate control with beta blockers, CCB

23
Q

Atrial premature contraction- Eti

A
  • Ectopic focus of atria fires before SA node

- Common

24
Q

Atrial premature contraction- Sx

A
  • Premature heart beat, abolished by increase in HR
  • Asymptomatic & benign
  • Varied p wave morphology
25
Q

Atrial premature contraction- Tx

A

None- discontinue coffee, tobacco

26
Q

Atrial flutter- Eti

A
  • Assoc with COPD

- Less common that fibrillation

27
Q

Atrial flutter- Sx

A
  • Regular pulse with atrial rate btw 250-350
  • Palpitations, fatigue, tachycardia
  • COPD or HF
28
Q

Atrial flutter- Dx

A

Sawtooth ECG

29
Q

Atrial flutter- Tx

A
  • Beta blocker or CCB- rate control

- Electrical cardioversion

30
Q

Premature ventricular contraction- Eti

A
  • Isolated beats originating from ventricular tissue
31
Q

Premature ventricular contraction- Sx

A
  • Pts may not sense
  • Exercise abolishes
  • No p-wave
  • Arrhythmia- every 2nd/3rd beat premature
32
Q

Premature ventricular contraction- Dx

A

Ambulatory ECG

33
Q

Premature ventricular contraction- Tx

A
  • Asymptomatic= no tx
  • Freq- lytes, tsh, HD
  • Beta blockers
  • Catheter ablation
34
Q

V-tach- Eti

A
  • 3+ premature beats

- Sudden death with sig. LV dysfunction

35
Q

V-tach- Sx

A
  • Syncope, impaired cerebral fxn

- Structural heart defects/ disease, myopathy

36
Q

V-tach- Dx

A

ECG- Torasades de pointes

37
Q

V-tach- Tx

A
  • Mg sulfate

- beta blockers

38
Q

V-fib- Eti

A
  • Proceeded by V-fib

- Severe CAD

39
Q

V-fib- Sx

A
  • Sudden death

- Prior MI

40
Q

V-fib- Tx

A
  • Cardioverter- defibrilatoer
41
Q

Long QT syndrome- Eti

A

Congenital or acquired

42
Q

Long QT syndrome- Sx

A
  • Congenital: Primary elec. disorder, no evidence of HD, deafness
  • Acquired: secondary to MI, abn lytes, antiarrythmics
43
Q

Long QT syndrome- Tx

A

Beta blockers

HLK 2 (13 decks)

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