Pharm- Diuretic

Question 1

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor- Name of drug

Answer 1

Acetazolamide

Question 2

CA Inhibitor- Mechanism & site of action

Answer 2

Proximal convoluted tubuleInhibits CA. Decreased ability to exchange Na+ for H+

Question 3

CA Inibitor- Indications

Answer 3

GlaucomaAltitude sicknessNephrotoxicity

Question 4

CA Inhibitor- Contraindications

Answer 4

Metabolic acidosishypokalemia

Question 5

Osmotic diuretics- name of drug

Answer 5

Mannitol

Question 6

Osmotic diuretics- mechanism and site of action

Answer 6

Descending loop of henle

-Does not affect Na+, carries H2O through osmosis

Question 7

Osmotic diuretics- Indications

Answer 7

Intracranial pressureDrug toxicityRenal failure

Question 8

Osmotic diuretis- contraindications

Answer 8

extracellular H2O expansiondehydration

Question 9

Thiazides- Names of drugs

Answer 9

• Hydrochlorothyazide

- Chlorthalidone

Question 10

Thiazides- Mechanism and site of action

Answer 10

Distal convoluted tubule

-Inhibit Na+ Cl- transporterLoss of K+ & Mg+Decreased Ca+ excretion, decreased PV pressure

Question 11

Thiazides- Indications

Answer 11

• HTN
  -HF
• hypercalciuria
  DM-1

Question 12

Thiazides- contraindications

Answer 12

HyponatremiaHypokalemiaHyperuricemiaHypercalcemiaHyperglycemiaHyperlipidemia

Question 13

Loop diuretics- Names

Answer 13

• Furosemide

- ethycryic acid

Question 14

Loop diurecs- Site & mechanism of action

Answer 14

Ascending loopInhibit cotransport of Na+/K+/Cl-Decrease renal vascular resistanceIncrease prostaglandin synthesis

Question 15

Loop diuretics- Indications

Answer 15

First choice for HF

Question 16

Loop diuretics- Contraindications

Answer 16

• ototoxicity
• hypovolemia, -decreased BP
• hyperuricemia
• gout
• decreased K+ and Mg+

Question 17

Potassium sparing- name

Answer 17

• Spironolactone,
• triamterene,
• amiloride hydrochloride

Question 18

Potassium sparing- site and mech of action

Answer 18

• Collecting duct
• Inhibit Na+ reabsorption- stop edema
• Aldosterone antagonist

Question 19

Potassium sparing- indicaitons

Answer 19

• Heart failure- prevent heart remodeling
• potassium sparing function,
• Decrease arrhythmias

Question 20

Potassium sparing- side effects

Answer 20

• gynecomastia!
• dizziness
• hyperkalemia
• Caution in decreased renal fxn

Question 21

Volume depletion

Answer 21

Too much diuretic- orthostatic hypotension, dizziness

Question 22

Hypokalemia

Answer 22

Loss of K+- loop diuretics and thiazides Cause cardiac arrythmias

Question 23

Hyperkalemia

Answer 23

Excess K+- spironolactone- aldosterone inhibitors

Question 24

Hyperuricemia

Answer 24

Thiazides and loop diuretics decrease renal secretion of uric acid- gout

Question 25

Hyponatremia

Answer 25

Secondary volume depleteion- hypotension causes excess ADH & thrist- results in increased drinking-> hyponatremia

Question 26

Hyperglycemia

Answer 26

Thiazides- impaired release of insulin

Question 27

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 27

Loop diuretics- corrected with oral supplementation