Rapid Review - Set 07 - Sheet1

Question 1

“Nutmeg” liver

Answer 1

Chronic passive congestion of liver d/t Right Heart failure

Question 2

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

Answer 2

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

Question 3

Optochin Sensitive

Answer 3

Strep pneumo

Question 4

Optochin Resistant

Answer 4

Viridans strep

Question 5

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

Answer 5

Codman’s Triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

Question 6

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

Answer 6

Minimal change disease (child with Nephrotic Syndrome)

Question 7

Polished, “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Answer 7

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

Question 8

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein

Answer 8

Alzheimer’s Disease Neurofibrillary Tangles; Pick’s Disease Pick Bodies

Question 9

Psammoma bodies

Answer 9

Meningiomas, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Mesothelioma, Papillary Serous Carcinoma of Endometrium and Ovary

Question 10

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Answer 10

Glioblastoma multiforme

Question 11

RBC casts in urine

Answer 11

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Question 12

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig-cells

Answer 12

Reinke Crystals (Leydig Cell tumor)

Question 13

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Answer 13

Acute Nephrosis (toxic or viral)

Question 14

Rhomboid crystals, positive birefringence

Answer 14

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

Question 15

Rib notching

Answer 15

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 16

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

Answer 16

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

Question 17

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

Answer 17

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

Question 18

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of Tau proteins in neurons

Answer 18

Pick Bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

Question 19

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

Answer 19

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

Question 20

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

Answer 20

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

Question 21

Stacks of RBCs

Answer 21

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, Multiple Myeloma)

Question 22

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Answer 22

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Question 23

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organells (EM) in Langerhans cells

Answer 23

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or Histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

Question 24

Thrombi made of white/red layers

Answer 24

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

Question 25

“Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

Answer 25

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

Question 26

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Answer 26

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Question 27

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

Answer 27

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 28

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Answer 28

Fatty liver disease (Alcoholic/Metabolic Syndrome)

Question 29

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

Answer 29

Chronic End-Stage Renal Disease

Question 30

WBC casts in urine

Answer 30

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 31

WBCs that look “smudged”

Answer 31

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - almost always B cell

Question 32

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

Answer 32

Lupus nephropathy

Question 33

Yellowish CSF

Answer 33

Xanthochromia (e.g. Subarachnoid hemorrhage)