Random_4 Flashcards
DDx for sclerotic bone mets
6 BEES LOVE POLLEN
- brain - medulloblastoma
- breast
- bronchogenic - lung
- bone
- bowel
- bladder
- lymphoma
- prostate
Orbital exenteration
Orbital exenteration
Pelvic exenteration (or pelvic evisceration) is a radical surgical treatment that removes all organs from a person’s pelvic cavity.
Renal lesions
- <20 HU - renal cysts
- 20-80 HU - worrisome
- > 80 HU - likely benign
Tooth numbering
2-1-3
- 2 incisors - central and lateral incisors
- 1 canine
- 2 premolars
- 3 molars
Dolichoectasia
dolicho - elongated
ectasia - dilated
Stroke - what to look for if the patient has left sided numbness?
- right post-central gyrus (sensory gyrus)
- white matter tracts
- thalamus
“reversal of normal cervical lordosis, likely positional”
“reversal of normal cervical lordosis, likely positional”
Supernumerary unerupted tooth
Supernumerary unerupted tooth
Male urethral anatomy
- prostatic
- membranous
- bulbar
- penile

Pleurodesis
Pleurodesis
- talc
- 4-8% resp failure
- bleomycin
- abx
- more expensive, less commonly used
Scheuermann disease
- young male patients
- lower thoracic and lumber spine
- kyphosis
- at least 3 vertebral bodies
- endplate irregularities
- vertebral disc space narrowing
Patella baja and patella alta
- measurement = length of patella/distance b/t distal patella to tibial tuberosity
- normal = 0.8 - 1.2
- < 0.8 - patellar alta
- > 1.2 - patellar baja
- most common cause of patella alta - traumatic patellar tendon rupture
Patellar tendon rupture
- most common cause of patella alta
- most commonly in proximal 1/3 of tendon
- risk factors
- steroid injectin
- previous bone-patellar tendon-bone ACL graft harvesting
- cerebral palsy
- juvenile RA
- collagen vascular disease
- cerebral palsy
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- HCM - autosomal dominant diesase of myocardium
- Apical HCM - ApHCM - relatively rare form of HCM - involving LV apex
- ApHCM
- more common in Japan - 13-25% of all cases of HCM in Japan
- “spade-like” configuration of LV cavity at end-systole
- focal LGE at LV apex - areas of fibrosis and increased myocardial collagen
- diffuse LGE –> increased risk of sudden cardiac death
Coronary veins
- left marginal vein, posterior LV vein
- right marginal vein
- oblique vein of Marshall - posterior wall of LA - joins great cardiac vein to form coronary sinus at the valve of Vieussens
- small cardiac vein - right AV groove - along RCA
- middle cardiac vein - posterior interventricular groove - along PDA
- great cardiac vein - along anterior interventricular groove and left AV groove - along LAD and LCX
- coronary sinus - final drainage into RA
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Rare
- Risk factors
- pregnancy and post-partum - hormone related; just like increased incidence of symptomatic splenic artery aneurysm
- connective tissue disease - Marfan’s syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- cocaine use
Cardiac volvulus
- rare, but fatal condition
- most common due to right intrapericardial pneumonectomy
- DDx
- mislabelled CXR
- cardiac herniation

Right aortic arch
- most common configuration - right aortic arch with aberrant left SCA
- right arotic arch with aberrant left SCA forms a vascualr ring - the invisible left ligamentum arteriosum completes the ring
- 2nd most common mirror image aortic arch - associated with CHD (ToF and truncus arteriosus)
- 3rd most common - isolated L SCA
- steal phenomenon from the left vertebral artery
- in the right aortic arch with aberrant left SCA, the order of arteries arising from the arch
- left CCA
- right CCA
- right SCA
- left SCA - aberrant
4 possible courses of an aberrant LCA arising from the right sinus of Valsalva
- retro-aortic
- anterior free wall - anterior to the RVOT
- interarterial - malignant
- septal - artery divides below the right infundibulum and courses within the interventricular septum surfacing at the mid anterior wall
IVC aneurysm
- most often congenital
- can be acquired - right heart pressure, tricuspid pathology, constrictive pericarditis
- fusiform most common
- can be associated with AVF
- most commonly associated with
- left sided IVC
- interruption of infrahepatic IVC with azygous continuation
- most common complication - thrombosis and PE
Most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease
Tetralogy of Fallot
Most common aortic catastrophe
Ruptured AAA
Aortic dissection
- Standford classification
- Type A - ascending arota and aortic arch
- Type B - discending aorta distal to the left SCA
- Debakey classification
- Type I - ascending aorta, arch, and descending aorta
- Type II - ascending aorta only
- Type III - descending aorta distal to the left SCA
- Type I/II/III - B-A-D
- Type A - surgical emergency
- cardiac tamponade
- coronary artery occlusion
- aortic valvular insufficiency
- Type B - medical management
- unless there is
- intractable pain
- rapidly expanding diameter
- visceral ischemia - kidney, bowel
- impending rupture
Colpocephaly
- Disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles
- Merely a morphologic description
























