random refreshers Flashcards
what are three instances of wernickes not associated with alcoholism
hyperemesis gravidum, malnourishment or giving glucose before thiamine (iatrogenically)
what are the oculomotor manifestations of wernickes
nystagmus and abducens nerve palsy
what is Hypopyon associated with
uveitis
what is the target of myasthenia antibodies
autoantibodies to the postsynaptic ACh receptor.. this causes fatiguability throughout the day with ptosis, diplopia, weakness.
what is the target of Lambert eaton myastenic
autoantibodies to the presynaptic Ca2 channel which leads to decreased release of ACh. this causes proximal muscle weakness and autonomic symptoms like dry mouth and impotence. this improves with muscle use.
what happens with right CN VI lesion
right eye cannot look right.
what happens with a right PPRF lesion
neither eye can look right.
what happens with a right MLF lesion
right eye cannot adduct. this is INO
what happens with a right frontal eye field lesion
neither can look left, but slow drift to the right
what is the gene for wilsons
ATP7B. autosomal recessive. this causes hepatic damage and release of copper into the blood stream where it accumulates in tissues.
what tracts are damaged in medial medullary syndrome
pyramidal tracts (contralateral hemiparesis), medial lemniscus (contralateral proprioception),, hypoglossal nerve)
eye that is down and out with mydriasis
think PCOM aneurysm compressing CN III
what are the symptoms of tabes dorsalis
sensory ataxia, lancinating pain, neurogenic urinary incontinence, associated with argyll-robertson pupils
how does mononeuritis multiplex present
multiple mononeuropathy. for example concurrent sciatic pain and radiculopathy. painful aymmetric sensory and motor symptoms. confirm with EEG. usually presents with foot and wrist drop concurrent. can be due too vasculitis.
what are the two predominant mechanisms of compressive cervical radiculopathy
cervical spondylosis and cervical disk herniation.
what dementia patient should not have typical antipsychotics used on them and why
Lewy body dementia due to neuroleptic sensitivity
what are the treatments for essential tremor and what do patients usually self-medicate with
primidone and propanolol. usually
ETOH which decreases the tremor intensity
what nerve does the biceps reflex test and what nerve root
musculocutaneous and the C5 and 6
achilles nerve root
S1 and 2
patellar nerve root
L3 and 4
biceps and brachioradialis nerve root
C5 and C6
Triceps nerve root
C7 and 8
what is parinaud syndrome and where is the lesion
paralysis of vertical gaze. superior colliculi
which nerve is damaged in humerus mid shaft breaks
radial nerve
what nerve is damaged in anterior dislocation of the shoulder
axillary
when is intracranial pressure headache worse
in the morning
how does tetanus toxin work
cleavage of SNARE and failure to release GABA and glycine
what are the neurotransitter changes in huntingtons
ACh and GABA decreased. Dopamine increased
