dementia and MS

Question 1

alzheimers disease

Answer 1

most common cause of dementia in the elderly.
widespread cortical atrophy with decreased ACh. senile plaques extracellular beta-amyloid core intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.

Question 2

who has an increased risk for Alzheimers

Answer 2

Down syndrome. early onset dementia APP (21), presenilin-1 (14), presenilin-2 (1), ApoE2(19) is protective.

Question 3

what are the neurofibrillary tangles in ALZ

Answer 3

abnormally phosphorylated tao protein. the tangles correlate with the degree of dementia.

Question 4

what is picks disease of FTD

Answer 4

presents with dementia, aphasia, parkinsonian features, changes in personality. spares the pareital lobesand 2/3 of the posterior superior temporal gyrus.

Question 5

are the histological findings in pIcks

Answer 5

yes. spherical tao protein aggregates and frontal temporal atrophy.

Question 6

Lewy body dementia

Answer 6

parkinsonian features with dementia and hallucinations.

Question 7

what are the histological findings in lewy body dementia

Answer 7

alpha-synuclein

Question 8

typical presentation of MS

Answer 8

woman in her 20-30s optic neuritis, INO, hemiparesis, hemisensory symptoms, incontinence, relapsing and remitting course.

Question 9

what is charcot’s triad for MS

Answer 9

SIN: scanning speech, INO (incontinence, intention tremor), nystagmus.

Question 10

what are the imaging findings for ms

Answer 10

periventricular white plaques with axonal destruction.

Question 11

How do we diagnose MS

Answer 11

MRI is gold standard

Question 12

what other findings for the diagnosis of MS

Answer 12

oligoclonal bands in CSF