Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Random Peds stuff > Flashcards

Random Peds stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the complications of Kawasaki disease?

A

1) coronary artery aneurysms, 2) myocardial infarction and ischemia

Dilated arteries are prone to thrombotic occlusion. Risk is higher in those with delayed diagnosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the triad for hereditary spherocytosis?

A

1) hemolytic anemia
2) jaundice
3) splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the treatment of x-linked agammaglobulinemia

A

immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Prophylactic antibiotics if severe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Guillian-Barre syndome (GBS)

A

acute, immune-mediated polyneuropathy accompanied by ascending muscle weakness and areflexia. Distal paresthesias are common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is choanal atresia?

A

congenital nasal malformation caused by failure of the posterior nasal passage to canalize completely leaving either a bony or membranous obstruction. Narrowing at the level of the pterygoid plate in the posterior nasal cavity. Can be found isolated or as part of the CHARGE syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • sudden intermittent abdominal pain
  • currant jelly stools (bloody stool)
  • sausage-shaped abdominal mass
  • lethargy or altered mental status
A

intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is oligohydramnios?

A

deficiency of amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bacteria causes hemolytic uremic syndrome ?

A

infection with shiga toxin by E.coli (O157:H7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the inheritance pattern for hereditary spherocytosis?

A

autosomal dominant mutation of the ankyrin gene (decreased ankyrin in the red blood cell membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • low-grade fever
  • maculopapular rash with rapid cephalocaudal spread
  • posterior auricular and suboccipital lymphadenopathy
A

Rubella. Can also present with arthralgia and arthritis that can persist after the rash resolves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis for DMD?

A

genetic testing showing deletion of the dystrophin gene on Xp21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What test should be done on a patient with kawasaki disease?

A

echocardiography at time of diagnosis and repeated 6-8 weeks later to assess change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children ?

A

SSRIs and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the definitive treatment for choanal atresia?

A

repairing the obstruction with surgery or endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the typical age for stranger anxiety?

A

6-2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

at what age can a child build a tower with 6 cubes?

A

2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common muscular dystrophy in children?

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the classic triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

1) microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (anemia and schistocytes)
2) thrombocytopenia
3) acute kidney injury (poor urine output, edema, elevated creatinine and BUN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pretend play is a developmental milestone of what age?

A

18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is a diagnosis of PUV confirmed?

A

1) voiding cystourethrogram (an x-ray study of bladder and urethra using contrast to visual bladder and also done while voiding) and
2) cystoscopy (examine bladder lining and urethra with camera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3-hour-old boy with cyanosis. Cyanotic and tachypneic at rest but turns pink when cries. Cyanosis worsens when feeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

choanal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the classic findings on prenatal U/S for a baby with posterior urethral valves?

A

1) bladder distension
2) bilateral hydroureters
3) bilateral hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is the diagnosis of choanal atresia confirmed?

A

CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A congenital abnormality in which the penile urethra opens on the ventral surface of the penis rather than the tip

A

hypospadias - able to urinate but difficulty controlling urinary stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does henoch-schonlein purpura present with?

A
  • purpura
  • arthritis
  • renal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

an atretic duodenum can lead to polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios?

A

polyhydramnios because obstructs amniotic fluid clearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When can a child balance and hop on 1 foot?

A

4 years

28
Q

What is X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) a.k.a bruton agammaglobulinemia

A

Caused by a defect in tyrosine kinase that prevents the development of mature B cells.

29
Q

What is the treatment for ADHD?

A

1) stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines)
2) nonstimulants (atomoxetine, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists)
3) behavioural therapy

30
Q

What is the clinical presentation of laryngomalacia?

A

inspiratory stridor that worsens when supine and peaks at age 4-8 months

31
Q

How do most patients with wilms tumor present?

A

at age 2-5 years with a large, palpable flank mass but no other symptoms

32
Q

What is the CHARGE syndrome?

A 
C - coloboma
H - Heart defects
A - Atresia choanae
R - Retardation of growth/development
G - genito-urinary anomalies 
E - ear abnormalities/deafness
33
Q

What is the difference in indication for ordering a spirometry test vs a peak flow meter test?

A

Spirometry - evaluates pulmonary function (FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 second)

Peak flow meter - assessment of airflow out of the lungs (peak expiratory flow rate) Less accurate than spirometry

34
Q

What test is used to diagnose Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Technetium-99m scan to identify ectopic gastric tissue

35
Q

What test is used to determine intussusception if the diagnosis is equivocal?

A

U/S - target sign

36
Q

At what ages does cooperative play occur?

A

4 years

37
Q

What is the most common renal malignancy in childhood?

A

wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

38
Q

At what age does a child use 2 word phrases

A

2 years

39
Q

during screening for muscular dystrophies, what things are normally elevated?

A

serum creatine phosphokinase and aldolase levels

40
Q

What causes laryngomalacia

A

caused by floppy supraglottic structures that collapse during inspiration.

41
Q

What is the treatment for laryngomalacia ?

A

reassurance for most cases and supraglottoplasty for severe symptoms

42
Q

What is the most important next step in management once a diagnosis of GBS is suspected?

A

spirometry to measure forced vital capacity (gold standard)

43
Q

What is the most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn boys?

A

Posterior urethral valves. Abnormal folds in the distal prostatic urethra obstruct urinary flow.

44
Q

What is kawasaki disease

A

an acute vasculitis of small and medium arteries.

45
Q

How is the diagnosis of laryngomalacia confirmed?

A
  • clinical but confirmed with flexible laryngoscopy for moderate/severe cases
46
Q

What is the treatment for intussusception?

A

1) air or saline enema (u/s guided) - diagnostic and therapeutic
2) surgery for removal of lead point

47
Q

At what age does DMD usually present?

A

age 2-5

48
Q

What is the potter sequence?

A

flat faces, limb deformities, pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios.

49
Q

Kawasaki disease features

A

Fever ≥ 5 days, conjunctivitis (bilateral, nonexudative, spares limbus), oral mucosal changes (strawberry tongue, erythema, fissured lips), rash, extremity changes (erythema, deem, desquamation of hands and feet), cervical lymphadenopathy

50
Q

What is the most life-threatening complication in patients with gillian barre syndrome?

A

neuromuscular respiratory failure

51
Q

What is the treatment for hereditary spherocytosis

A

folic acid supplementation, blood transfusions, splenectomy

52
Q

What is the first step in management of choanal atresia

A

placing an orophrangeal airway and orogastric tube feeding

53
Q

at what age can a child use a pincer grasp?

A

12 months

54
Q

a child can run and kick a ball at what developmental age?

A

18 months

55
Q

What are the lab findings for hereditary spherocytosis?

A

increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, spherocytes on peripheral smear, negative coombs test, increased osmotic fragility , abnormal eosin-5-maleimide binding test.

56
Q

How is amniotic fluid removed by the fetus?

A

fetal swallowing

57
Q

What are the treatment options for PUV?

A

1) PUV ablation

2) urinary diversion

58
Q

What are the 4 categories for developmental milestones?

A

gross motor, fine motor, language, social/cognitive

59
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

A

systemic vascular endothelial injury –> platelet microthrombi formation –> thrombocytopenia and schistocytes as they flow through small vessels

60
Q

What is anorectal manometry?

A

a test used to analyze the motility and pressure in the distal bowel. Often used to diagnose Hirschsprung disease

61
Q

What is the treatment of kawasaki’s disease?

A

aspirin plus IVIG - intravenous immunoglobulin to reduce systemic inflammation

62
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of x-linked agammaglobulinemia

A
  • recurrent sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal infections after age 6 months (e.g H.influenzae, Strep pneumoniae)
  • absence of lymphoid tissue on examination
63
Q

At what age can a child throw a ball?

A

12 months

64
Q

Henoch-schonlein purpura is associated with what GI complication?

A

intussusception

65
Q

What condition is likely on the differential when a patient presents with bilateral calf pseudohypertrophy and Gower sign ?

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Pediatrics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions