Neonatology Flashcards
thick, white, creamy material found in term infants;
it cover s large areas of the skin in preterm infants. It is usually absent in
post term infants
Vernix caseosa
mottling of the skin with venous prominence
cutis marmorata
When is jaundice abnormal in the neonatal period
Abnormal if detected within the first 24 hours of birth
small cysts found around the pilosebacous follicles, which appear as tiny, whitish papillose that are seen over the nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin. Disappear within a few weeks and do not require treatment
milia
Dark blue hyperpigmeded macules over the lumbosacral area and buttocks of no pathologic significance.
Mongolian spots
benign transient rash characterized by small, dry superficial vesicles over a dark macular base. common in african american infants.
pustular melanosis
Benign rash seen most frequently in the first 72 hours after birth, characterized by erythematous macules, papules, and pustules (resembling flea bites) on the trunk and extremities but not on the palms and soles. Lesions are filled with eosinophils.
erythema toxicum neonatorum
What is the most common vascular lesion of infancy?
nevus simplex (a.k.a salmon patch). Occurs in 30-40% of newborns and appearing as a pink macular lesion on the nape of the neck, upper eyelids, global, or nasolabial region.
congenital vascular malformation composed of dilated capillary-like vessels that may be located over the face or trunk and may become darker with increasing postnatal age.
nevus flammeus
benign proliferative vascular tumors occurring in approximately 10% of infants. First noticed a few days after birth, they increase in size after birth and usually resolve within 18-24 months.
strawberry hemangiomas
appears after 1-2 wks of life and never present after birth. Comedones, but inflammatory pustules and papules may be present.
neonatal acne
diffuse edema or swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp that crosses the cranial sutures and usually the midline
caput succadeneum
subperiosteal hemorrhages secondary to birth trauma confined and limited by the cranial sutures, usually involving the parietal or occipital bones
cephalohematomas
soft areas of the skull with a ping-pong ball feel. May occur in the parietal bones and are not related to rickets. Usually disappear within weeks or months
craniotabes
What would an abnormal red reflex tell us?
possible congenital cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, severe chorioretinitis.
How can choanal atresia be excluded?
passing a nasogastric tube through each nostril
characteristics of Pierre Robin syndrome
- cleft palate
- glossoptosis (downward displacement or retraction of the tongue)
- micrognathia
- obstruction of the upper airway
epstein pearls
small, white epidermoid-mucoid cysts found on the hard palate, which usually disappear within a few weeks
pectus carinatum
prominent and bulging sternum
pectus excavatum
depressed sternum
What RR is considered “tachypnea” for a newborn
> 60 breaths/min
What is the normal HR for a newborn baby?
95-180 beats/min
What does diminished femoral pulses tell us?
consider coarctation of the aorta
what does increased femoral pulses tell us?
consider patent ductus arteriosus
