Pediatric Health Supervision

Question 1

When does a neonate double their birth weight?

Answer 1

4-6 months

Question 2

When does a neonate triple their birth weight?

Answer 2

12 months

Question 3

What is the expected weight increase from birth - 3 months

Answer 3

30 g/day

Question 4

When does a baby regain their birth weight?

Answer 4

2 weeks

Question 5

how much does a baby gain per day from 3-6 months

Answer 5

20 g/day

Question 6

how much does a baby gain per day from 6-12 months ?

Answer 6

10 g/day

Question 7

how much does a child gain weight from 1-2 years ?

Answer 7

250g/month

Question 8

How much does a child gain weight from 2 years - adolescence

Answer 8

2.3 kg/year

Question 9

What is the most common cause of FTT?

Answer 9

inorganic FTT - psychosocial

Question 10

important components to explore when evaluating FTT?

Answer 10

1) parent- child interaction
2) dietary history
3) history
4) physical exam

Question 11

What is the expected head circumference increase by 12 months?

Answer 11

12 cm

Question 12

What is the expected head circumference increase per week from 0 - 2months ?

Answer 12

0.5 cm/week

Question 13

What is the expected head circumference increase per week from 2-6 months?

Answer 13

0.25 cm/week

Question 14

What is acquired microcephaly?

Answer 14

when child is born with normal head circumference but doesn’t grow after the cerebral insult. Cerebral insult can happen in 3rd trimester, perinatal period or 1st year of life

Question 15

What is craniosynostosis ?

Answer 15

premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures

Question 16

What is the most common form of craniosynostosis?

Answer 16

dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly due to premature closure of the sagittal suture resulting in an elongated skull

Question 17

how is the diagnosis of craniosynostosis made?

Answer 17

skull radiographs and head CT

Question 18

What is the management of craniosynostosis ?

Answer 18

surgical repair

Question 19

What is plagiocephaly?

Answer 19

asymmetry of the infant head shape not associated with premature suture closure

Question 20

What is the most common type of plagiocephaly?

Answer 20

positional plagiocephaly - flatting of the occiput and prominence of the ipsilateral frontal area – parallelogram

Question 21

What is the management of positional plagiocephaly?

Answer 21

• range of motion exercises for associated torticollis
• repositioning of head during sleep
• helmet therapy
• tummy time

Question 22

What is the definition of macrocephaly?

Answer 22

head circumference >96% for age

Question 23

what are the aetiologies of microcephaly?

Answer 23

1) familial
2) overgrowth syndromes
3) metabolic storage disorders
4) neurofibromatosis
5) achondroplasia
6) hydrocephalus
7) space-occupying lesions

Question 24

What is passive immunization?

Answer 24

delivery of preformed antibodies to individuals who have no active immunity against a particular disease but who have either been exposed to or are at high risk for exposure to the infectious agent

Question 25

When is Hepatitis B vaccine given (HBV)?

Answer 25

Grade 6

Question 26

When is DTaP given?

Answer 26

2,4,6 months, booster at 18 months and again at 4-6 years

Question 27

What is the most common cause of acute otitis media and invasive bacterial infections in children younger than 3 years go age?

Answer 27

streptoccocus pneumoniae

Question 28

What conditions are tested for in neonatal metabolic screening?

Answer 28

1) Phenylketonuria (PKU) 2) congenital hypothyroidism 3) galactosemia 4) sickle cell anemia 5) other metabolic disorders

Question 29

When should children be screened for cholesterol and lipids?

Answer 29

1) at >2 years go age, and family hx of hyperchlesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and early MI

Question 30

What are the risks factors for iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 30

1) prematurity 2) low birth weight 3) early introduction of cow's milk (before 9 months of age) 4) insufficient dietary intake of iron 5) low socioeconomic status

Question 31

When is screening for hemoglobin levels recommended in the paediatric population?

Answer 31

between 9 and 15 months of age and between 4 and 6 years of age

Question 32

When does iron deficiency anemia most commonly occur?

Answer 32

< 6 years of age, peaking between 9 and 15 months

Question 33

What are the signs of acute lead intoxication

Answer 33

- anorexia - apathy - lethargy - anemia - irritability - vomiting

Question 34

What are the signs of chronic lead intoxication?

Answer 34

usually asymptomatic. But low levels of lead can still lead to developmental delay, learning problem,s, mental retardation.

Question 35

inability to retract the foreskin.

Answer 35

Phimosis - normal up to age 6 but abnormal if ballooning occurs during urination

Question 36

when retracted foreskin cannot be returned to its normal position and acts as a tourniquet --> edema

Answer 36

paraphimosis

Question 37

inflammation of the glans penis

Answer 37

balanitis