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Pediatrics > Pediatric Health Supervision > Flashcards

Pediatric Health Supervision Flashcards

1
Q

When does a neonate double their birth weight?

A

4-6 months

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2
Q

When does a neonate triple their birth weight?

A

12 months

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3
Q

What is the expected weight increase from birth - 3 months

A

30 g/day

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4
Q

When does a baby regain their birth weight?

A

2 weeks

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5
Q

how much does a baby gain per day from 3-6 months

A

20 g/day

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6
Q

how much does a baby gain per day from 6-12 months ?

A

10 g/day

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7
Q

how much does a child gain weight from 1-2 years ?

A

250g/month

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8
Q

How much does a child gain weight from 2 years - adolescence

A

2.3 kg/year

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of FTT?

A

inorganic FTT - psychosocial

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10
Q

important components to explore when evaluating FTT?

A

1) parent- child interaction
2) dietary history
3) history
4) physical exam

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11
Q

What is the expected head circumference increase by 12 months?

A

12 cm

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12
Q

What is the expected head circumference increase per week from 0 - 2months ?

A

0.5 cm/week

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13
Q

What is the expected head circumference increase per week from 2-6 months?

A

0.25 cm/week

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14
Q

What is acquired microcephaly?

A

when child is born with normal head circumference but doesn’t grow after the cerebral insult. Cerebral insult can happen in 3rd trimester, perinatal period or 1st year of life

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15
Q

What is craniosynostosis ?

A

premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures

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16
Q

What is the most common form of craniosynostosis?

A

dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly due to premature closure of the sagittal suture resulting in an elongated skull

17
Q

how is the diagnosis of craniosynostosis made?

A

skull radiographs and head CT

18
Q

What is the management of craniosynostosis ?

A

surgical repair

19
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

asymmetry of the infant head shape not associated with premature suture closure

20
Q

What is the most common type of plagiocephaly?

A

positional plagiocephaly - flatting of the occiput and prominence of the ipsilateral frontal area – parallelogram

21
Q

What is the management of positional plagiocephaly?

A
  • range of motion exercises for associated torticollis
  • repositioning of head during sleep
  • helmet therapy
  • tummy time
22
Q

What is the definition of macrocephaly?

A

head circumference >96% for age

23
Q

what are the aetiologies of microcephaly?

A

1) familial
2) overgrowth syndromes
3) metabolic storage disorders
4) neurofibromatosis
5) achondroplasia
6) hydrocephalus
7) space-occupying lesions

24
Q

What is passive immunization?

A

delivery of preformed antibodies to individuals who have no active immunity against a particular disease but who have either been exposed to or are at high risk for exposure to the infectious agent

25
Q

When is Hepatitis B vaccine given (HBV)?

A

Grade 6

26
Q

When is DTaP given?

A

2,4,6 months, booster at 18 months and again at 4-6 years

27
Q

What is the most common cause of acute otitis media and invasive bacterial infections in children younger than 3 years go age?

A

streptoccocus pneumoniae

28
Q

What conditions are tested for in neonatal metabolic screening?

A

1) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
2) congenital hypothyroidism
3) galactosemia
4) sickle cell anemia
5) other metabolic disorders

29
Q

When should children be screened for cholesterol and lipids?

A

1) at >2 years go age, and family hx of hyperchlesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and early MI

30
Q

What are the risks factors for iron deficiency anemia?

A

1) prematurity
2) low birth weight
3) early introduction of cow’s milk (before 9 months of age)
4) insufficient dietary intake of iron
5) low socioeconomic status

31
Q

When is screening for hemoglobin levels recommended in the paediatric population?

A

between 9 and 15 months of age and between 4 and 6 years of age

32
Q

When does iron deficiency anemia most commonly occur?

A

< 6 years of age, peaking between 9 and 15 months

33
Q

What are the signs of acute lead intoxication

A
  • anorexia
  • apathy
  • lethargy
  • anemia
  • irritability
  • vomiting
34
Q

What are the signs of chronic lead intoxication?

A

usually asymptomatic. But low levels of lead can still lead to developmental delay, learning problem,s, mental retardation.

35
Q

inability to retract the foreskin.

A

Phimosis - normal up to age 6 but abnormal if ballooning occurs during urination

36
Q

when retracted foreskin cannot be returned to its normal position and acts as a tourniquet –> edema

A

paraphimosis

37
Q

inflammation of the glans penis

A

balanitis

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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