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Pediatrics > Behavioural and Developmental Pediatrics > Flashcards

Behavioural and Developmental Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main developmental domains?

A

1) motor (gross and fine)
2) language
3) problem solving
4) psychosocial skills

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2
Q

What is the equation for developmental quotient (DQ)

A

developmental age/chronologic age x 100

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3
Q

At what age do primitive reflexes disappear?

A

between 3-6 months of age

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4
Q

GROSS MOTOR: What age does a child turn their head side to side

A

birth

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5
Q

GROSS MOTOR: lifts head when lying prone.

A

2 months

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6
Q

GROSS MOTOR: head lag when pulled from from supine position

A

2 months

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7
Q

GROSS MOTOR: rolls over

A

4 months

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8
Q

GROSS MOTOR:no head age when pulled form supine position

A

4 months

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9
Q

GROSS MOTOR: pushes chest up with arms

A

4 months

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10
Q

GROSS MOTOR: sits alone

A

6 months

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11
Q

GROSS MOTOR: leads with head when pulled from supine position

A

6 months

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12
Q

GROSS MOTOR: pulls to stand

A

9 months

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13
Q

GROSS MOTOR: cruises

A

9 months

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14
Q

GROSS MOTOR: walks

A

12 months

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15
Q

What are the primitive reflexes?

A
  • moro
  • rooting
  • hand grasp
  • atonic neck reflex
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16
Q

What are the postural reactions

A
  • head righting

- parachute

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17
Q

FINE MOTOR: keeps hands tightly fisted

A

birth

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18
Q

FINE MOTOR: brings hands together to midline and then to mouth

A

3-4 months

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19
Q

FINE MOTOR: reaches for objects

A

4-5 months

20
Q

FINE MOTOR: Rakes objects with whole hand

A

6-7 months

21
Q

FINE MOTOR: Transfers object from hand to hand

A

6-7 months

22
Q

FINE MOTOR: Uses immature pincer

A

9 months

23
Q

FINE MOTOR: Uses mature pincer

A

12 months

24
Q

What are the red flags associated with motor development?

A

1) fisting beyond 3 months –> sign of neuromotor problems
2) early rolling over, pulling to a stand instead of sitting, toe walking –> spasticity
3) spontaneous postures like, scissoring –> spasticity
4) early hand dominance –> weakness of opposite –> hemiparesis

25
Q

LANGUAGE: attunes to human voice. Develops differential recognitiion go parents’ voices

A

birth

26
Q

LANGUAGE: cooing and musical sounds

A

2-3 months

27
Q

LANGUAGE: babbling (mixing vowels and consonants together)

A

6 months

28
Q

LANGUAGE: Jargoning - begins using mama and dada

A

12 months

29
Q

LANGUAGE: 20 -50 words. Beginning to use two-word phrases

A

18 months

30
Q

LANGUAGE: two-word telegraphic sentences (25-50% speech intelligible)

A

2 years

31
Q

LANGUAGE: 3 word sentences. > 75% of child’s speech intelligible

A

3 years

32
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

a group of static encephalopaties caused by injury to the developing brain in which motor function is primarily affected.

33
Q

How is cerebral palsy diagnosed?

A

Repeated neurodevelopment examinations showing increasing tone or spasticity, hypotonia, asymmetric reflexes or movement disorder, abnormal patterns in disappearance of primitive reflexes or emergence of postural responses.

34
Q

What is spastic cerebral palsy and what are the 3 groups?

A

increased tone. 3 types

1) spastic diplegia –> lower extremities > than upper or face
2) spastic hemiplegia –> unilateral spastic motor weakness
3) spastic quadriplegia –> head, neck and all 4 limbs

35
Q

What type of cerebral palsy involves a history of early rolling over, increased tone and scissoring

A

spastic diplegia

36
Q

What type of cerebral palsy involves a history of early hand preference, attempts at grasping always on the same side and fisting or absent pincer on one side

A

spastic hemiplegia

37
Q

What type of cerebral palsy involves a history of seizures, scoliosis, speech problems and sensory impairments, weakness of face and pharyngeal muscles, dysphagia, reflux

A

spastic quadriplegia

38
Q

IQ 55-69

A

mild mental retardation

39
Q

IQ 40-54

A

moderate mental retardation

40
Q

IQ 25-39

A

Severe mental retardation

41
Q

IQ < 25

A

Profound mental retardation

42
Q

How is colic defined?

A

crying that lasts >3 hours per day and occurs >3 days per week

43
Q

When does colic normally resolve?

A

3-4 months of age

44
Q

What is the management of colic ?

A

1) reassurance
2) comfort measures like decreased sensory stimulation, increased sensory stimulation by movement or vibration (car rides, stroller) , or positioning (swaddling)

45
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in children?

A

trachoma infection

Others:

  • retinopathy of prematurity
  • congenital cataracts

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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