Behavioural and Developmental Pediatrics

Question 1

What are the main developmental domains?

Answer 1

1) motor (gross and fine)
2) language
3) problem solving
4) psychosocial skills

Question 2

What is the equation for developmental quotient (DQ)

Answer 2

developmental age/chronologic age x 100

Question 3

At what age do primitive reflexes disappear?

Answer 3

between 3-6 months of age

Question 4

GROSS MOTOR: What age does a child turn their head side to side

Answer 4

birth

Question 5

GROSS MOTOR: lifts head when lying prone.

Answer 5

2 months

Question 6

GROSS MOTOR: head lag when pulled from from supine position

Answer 6

2 months

Question 7

GROSS MOTOR: rolls over

Answer 7

4 months

Question 8

GROSS MOTOR:no head age when pulled form supine position

Answer 8

4 months

Question 9

GROSS MOTOR: pushes chest up with arms

Answer 9

4 months

Question 10

GROSS MOTOR: sits alone

Answer 10

6 months

Question 11

GROSS MOTOR: leads with head when pulled from supine position

Answer 11

6 months

Question 12

GROSS MOTOR: pulls to stand

Answer 12

9 months

Question 13

GROSS MOTOR: cruises

Answer 13

9 months

Question 14

GROSS MOTOR: walks

Answer 14

12 months

Question 15

What are the primitive reflexes?

Answer 15

• moro
• rooting
• hand grasp
• atonic neck reflex

Question 16

What are the postural reactions

Answer 16

• head righting

- parachute

Question 17

FINE MOTOR: keeps hands tightly fisted

Answer 17

birth

Question 18

FINE MOTOR: brings hands together to midline and then to mouth

Answer 18

3-4 months

Question 19

FINE MOTOR: reaches for objects

Answer 19

4-5 months

Question 20

FINE MOTOR: Rakes objects with whole hand

Answer 20

6-7 months

Question 21

FINE MOTOR: Transfers object from hand to hand

Answer 21

6-7 months

Question 22

FINE MOTOR: Uses immature pincer

Answer 22

9 months

Question 23

FINE MOTOR: Uses mature pincer

Answer 23

12 months

Question 24

What are the red flags associated with motor development?

Answer 24

1) fisting beyond 3 months –> sign of neuromotor problems
2) early rolling over, pulling to a stand instead of sitting, toe walking –> spasticity
3) spontaneous postures like, scissoring –> spasticity
4) early hand dominance –> weakness of opposite –> hemiparesis

Question 25

LANGUAGE: attunes to human voice. Develops differential recognitiion go parents' voices

Answer 25

birth

Question 26

LANGUAGE: cooing and musical sounds

Answer 26

2-3 months

Question 27

LANGUAGE: babbling (mixing vowels and consonants together)

Answer 27

6 months

Question 28

LANGUAGE: Jargoning - begins using mama and dada

Answer 28

12 months

Question 29

LANGUAGE: 20 -50 words. Beginning to use two-word phrases

Answer 29

18 months

Question 30

LANGUAGE: two-word telegraphic sentences (25-50% speech intelligible)

Answer 30

2 years

Question 31

LANGUAGE: 3 word sentences. > 75% of child's speech intelligible

Answer 31

3 years

Question 32

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 32

a group of static encephalopaties caused by injury to the developing brain in which motor function is primarily affected.

Question 33

How is cerebral palsy diagnosed?

Answer 33

Repeated neurodevelopment examinations showing increasing tone or spasticity, hypotonia, asymmetric reflexes or movement disorder, abnormal patterns in disappearance of primitive reflexes or emergence of postural responses.

Question 34

What is spastic cerebral palsy and what are the 3 groups?

Answer 34

increased tone. 3 types 1) spastic diplegia --> lower extremities > than upper or face 2) spastic hemiplegia --> unilateral spastic motor weakness 3) spastic quadriplegia --> head, neck and all 4 limbs

Question 35

What type of cerebral palsy involves a history of early rolling over, increased tone and scissoring

Answer 35

spastic diplegia

Question 36

What type of cerebral palsy involves a history of early hand preference, attempts at grasping always on the same side and fisting or absent pincer on one side

Answer 36

spastic hemiplegia

Question 37

What type of cerebral palsy involves a history of seizures, scoliosis, speech problems and sensory impairments, weakness of face and pharyngeal muscles, dysphagia, reflux

Answer 37

spastic quadriplegia

Question 38

IQ 55-69

Answer 38

mild mental retardation

Question 39

IQ 40-54

Answer 39

moderate mental retardation

Question 40

IQ 25-39

Answer 40

Severe mental retardation

Question 41

IQ < 25

Answer 41

Profound mental retardation

Question 42

How is colic defined?

Answer 42

crying that lasts >3 hours per day and occurs >3 days per week

Question 43

When does colic normally resolve?

Answer 43

3-4 months of age

Question 44

What is the management of colic ?

Answer 44

1) reassurance 2) comfort measures like decreased sensory stimulation, increased sensory stimulation by movement or vibration (car rides, stroller) , or positioning (swaddling)

Question 45

What is the leading cause of blindness in children?

Answer 45

trachoma infection Others: - retinopathy of prematurity - congenital cataracts