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COLLEGE(2) SEMIS > RADPRO MODULE 4 > Flashcards

RADPRO MODULE 4 Flashcards

1
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass. It is the material substance of which physical objects are composed.

A

MATTER

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2
Q

distinguishing characteristics of matter

A

mass

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3
Q

unit of mass

A

kg/ kilogram

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4
Q

is the force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity

A

weight

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5
Q

described as energy equivalence

A

mass

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6
Q

building blocks of matter

A

atoms and molecules

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7
Q

how many grams in 1kg

A

1000 grams

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8
Q

unit of energy in SI

A

joules (J)

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9
Q

unit of energy in radio;pgy

A

eV (electric volt)

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10
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

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11
Q

the ability to do work by virtue of position

A

potential energy

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12
Q

the energy in motion

A

kinetic energy

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13
Q

the released by chemical reaction

A

chemical energy

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14
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass. It is the material substance of which physical objects are composed

A

Matter

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15
Q

the energy of motion at the molecular level. It is the kinetic energy of molecules and is closely related to temperature.

A

Thermal energy (heat)

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16
Q

the energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom

A

nuclear energy

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17
Q

radiant energy that travels in waves at the speed of light.

A

Electromagnetic energy

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18
Q

speed of light

A

299 792 458 m / s

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19
Q

proponent of mass-energy equivalence

A

albert Einstein

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20
Q

energy emitted and transferred through space without any conducting medium

A

radiation

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21
Q

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be

A

exposed or irradiated

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22
Q

special type of radiation that includes x-rays. It is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts.

A

ionizing radiation

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23
Q

sources of ionizing radiation

A

natural and man-made

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24
Q

Natural environmental radiation consists of four components which are:

A

cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon.

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25
Q

are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars.

A

Cosmic rays

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26
Q

results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth.

A

Terrestrial radiation

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27
Q

Internally deposited radionuclides is mainly composed of

A

potassium-40 (40K),

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28
Q

The largest source of natural environmental radiation

A

radon

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29
Q

is a radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities in the Earth.

A

radon

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30
Q

Radon emits

A

alpha particles

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31
Q

constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation on 2006

A

diagnostic x-rays

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32
Q

allowed radiatio per year

A

(3.2 mSv/yr).

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33
Q

when is the discovery of x-rays.

A

Nov. 8, 1895

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34
Q

Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in physics on

A

1901

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35
Q

Three general types of x-ray examinations:

A

1.Radiography
2.Fluoroscopy
3.Computed Tomography (CT)

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36
Q

uses film or a solid-state image receptor and usually an x-ray tube mounted from the ceiling on a track that allows the tube to be moved in any direction. Such examinations provide the radiologist with fixed images.

A

radiography

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37
Q

is usually conducted with an x-ray tube located under the examination table. The radiologist is provided with moving images on a television monitor or flat panel display.

A

Fluoroscopy

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38
Q

uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array. A volume of data is acquired so that fixed images can be reconstructed in any anatomical plane coronal, sagittal, transverse, or oblique.

A

Computed tomography

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39
Q

X-ray voltages are measured in

A

kVp

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40
Q

1 kilovolt (kV) is equal to howmany V

A

1000 V

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41
Q

X-ray currents are measured

A

milliampere (mA),

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42
Q

The prefix milli

A

1/1000 or 0.001.

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43
Q

demonstrated the use of a radiographic intensifying screen in 1896, but only many years later did it receive adequate recognition and use.

A

Michael Pupin

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44
Q

found out that by exposing two glass x-ray plates with the emulsion surfaces together, exposure time was halved, and the image was considerably enhanced.

A

Charles L. Leonard

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45
Q

when did double emulsion film became commercially available

A

1918

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46
Q

invented the fluoroscope. He investigated the fluorescent properties of more than 1800 other materials

A

Thomas A. Edison

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47
Q

2 materials used today in fluoroscopy

A

zinc cadmium sulfide and calcium tungstate

48
Q

Edison’s assistant and long-time friend, who experienced a severe x-ray burn that eventually required amputation of both arms

A

Clarence Dally

49
Q

a Boston dentist who introduced two devices (collimation & filtration) before the turn of the 20th century

A

William Rollins

50
Q

designed to reduce the exposure of patients to x-rays and thereby minimize the possibility of x-ray burn.

A

collimation and filtration

51
Q

introduced a substitute high-voltage power supply, an interrupterless transformer, for the static machines and induction coils then in use

A

H.C. Snook (1907)

52
Q

William D. Coolidge – after considerable clinical testing, he unveiled his hot-cathode x-ray tube to the medical community in

A

1913

53
Q

invented the stationary grid (β€œGlitterblende”); 2 months later, he applied for a second patent for a moving grid.

A

Gustav Bucky (1913)

54
Q

an American who was probably unaware of Bucky’s patent because of World War I, also invented a moving grid.

A

H. Potter (1915

55
Q

In 1946, the _____ was demonstrated at Bell Telephone Laboratorie

A

Light amplifier tube

56
Q

Every measurement has two parts

A

magnitude and units

57
Q

formula of volume

A

V=lwh (note the capital V)

58
Q

unit of volume

A

m^3

59
Q

is a segment of physics that deals with objects at rest (statics) and objects in motion (dynamics).

A

mechanics

60
Q

unit of velocity

A

m/s

61
Q

sometimes called speed

A

velocity

62
Q

is a measure of how fast something is moving or, more precisely, the rate of change of its position with time.

A

velocity

63
Q

formula of velocity

A

v= d/t (maliit ang v)

64
Q

average velocity formula

A

𝛻 = 𝑣0 +𝑣𝑓 / 2

65
Q

The rate of change of velocity with time. It is how β€œquickly or slowly” the velocity is changing.

A

acceleration

66
Q

unit of acceleartion

A

m/s^2

67
Q

formula of acceleration

A

π‘Ž= 𝑣𝑓 - 𝑣0 / t

68
Q

_____presented three principles that even today are recognized as fundamental laws of motion.

A

isaac newton

69
Q

Three laws of motion

A

Inertia
Force
Action/Reaction

70
Q

what is the first law of motion

A

β€œA body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.”

71
Q

2ND LAW OF MOTION?

A

β€œThe force (F) that acts on an object is equal to the mass (m) of the object multiplied by the acceleration (a) produced.”

72
Q

reduce exposure of the patient to x-rays by more than 95%

A

filtration

73
Q

3RD LAW OF MOTION?

A

β€œFor every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

74
Q

Lead-impregnated material is used to make aprons and gloves worn by radiologists and radiologic technologists during fluoroscopy and some radiographic procedures.

A

protective apparel

75
Q

used with all persons of childbearing age when the gonads are in or near the useful x-ray beam and when use of such shielding will not interfere with the diagnostic value of the examination.

A

gonadal shield

76
Q

The radiographic or CT control console is always located behind a

A

protective barrier

77
Q

three measurable quantities are considered basic.

A

mass
time
length

78
Q

the standard unit of length was accepted to be the distance between two lines engraved on a

A

platinum-iridium bar

79
Q

on what year led to redefinition of the meter in terms of the wavelength of orange light emitted from an isotope of krypton (krypton-86).

A

1960

80
Q

The kilogram was originally defined to be the mass of

A

1000 cm^3 of a water at 4 degree C

81
Q

a British units of weight.

A

pound and newton

82
Q

time is measured by an atomic clock and is based on the vibration of cesium atoms. The atomic clock is capable of keeping time correctly to about 1 second in 5000 years.

A

1964

83
Q

Originally, the second was defined in terms of

A

rotation of the earth on its axis

84
Q

two parts of measurements

A

unit and magnitude

85
Q

magnitude is meaningless without ___

A

unit

86
Q

segment of of physics that deals with the objects at rest and object in motion

A

mechanics

87
Q

a force on a body caused by the pull of gravity

A

weight (Wt)

88
Q

acceleration due to gravity symbol

A

g

89
Q

gravity of earth

A

9.8 m/s^2

90
Q

gravity of moon

A

1.6 m/s^2

91
Q

formula of weight

A

Wt=mg

92
Q

unit sa answer ng weight

A

N - newton

93
Q

unit sa answer ng momentum

A

kg-m/s

94
Q

fromula of momentum

A

p=mv

95
Q

answer sa work

A

J- joule

96
Q

formula of work

A

W=Fd

97
Q

is the rate of doing work.

A

power

98
Q

si unit for power

A

W- watt (british hp- horsepower)

99
Q

1 hp = ???watts

A

746 w

100
Q

formula of power

A

P=Fd/t

101
Q

that energy may be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed; the total amount of energy is constant.

A

law of conservation of energy

102
Q

Two forms of mechanical energy often are used in radiologic science

A

kinetic energy and potential energy.

103
Q

formula of KE

A

𝐾𝐸= 1 π‘šπ‘£2
/2

104
Q

transfer of heat through a material or by touching

A

Conduction

105
Q

mechanical transfer of β€œhot” molecules in a gas or liquid from one place to another.

A

Convection

106
Q

transfer of heat by the emission of infrared radiation

A

Thermal radiation

107
Q

is the unit of quantity of radioactive material, not the radiation emitted by that material.

A

becquerel

108
Q

the unit of radioactivity.

A

becquerel

109
Q

quantity of radiation received by radiation workers and populations.

A

Sievert

110
Q

the unit of radiation absorbed dose.

A

gray (G𝑦𝑑) is

111
Q

the kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons during ionization and excitation.

A

Air Kerma

112
Q

unit of radiation exposure or intensity

A

Air Kerma

113
Q

The four units used to measure radiation should become a familiar part of your vocabulary

A

Air kerma (Gπ‘¦π‘Ž)
2.Absorbed dose (G𝑦𝑑)
3.Effective dose (Sv)
4.Radioactivity (Bq)

114
Q

formula of f to c

A

𝑇𝑐=5(π‘‡πΉβˆ’32)
9

115
Q

C to F

A

𝑇𝑐=9 𝑇𝐹+32
5

116
Q

Kelvin

A

𝑇k = Tc =273

COLLEGE(2) SEMIS (12 decks)

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