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COLLEGE(2) SEMIS > NERVOUS SYSTEM FUCK > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM FUCK Flashcards

1
Q

the nervous system consists of the

A

brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves,
peripheral nerves, and sensory and motor structures of the body.

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2
Q

monitors internal & external environment through presence of receptors.

A

SENSORY

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3
Q

interpretation of sensory information (information processing); complex (higher order)
functions.

A

INTEGRATION

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4
Q

response to information processed through stimulation of effectors.
-muscle contraction
-glandular secretion

A

motor function

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4
Q

2 anatomical division

A

central and peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

what contains the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

allows for communication in the body

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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7
Q

(sensory input

A

-afferent division

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8
Q

motor input

A

-efferent division

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9
Q

under the motor input

A

> somatic nervous system.
autonomic nervous system.

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10
Q
  • Nervous Tissue is composed of two major cell types:
A

Neurons and Neuroglial cells.

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11
Q

for processing, transfer, and storage of information

A

neurons

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12
Q

conducts action potential towards the CNS

A

axon of sensory

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13
Q

conduct impulses towards the cell body

A

dendrites

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14
Q

conduct impulses away from the cell body.

A

axon

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15
Q

conducts action potential away from the CNS

A

axon of motor

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16
Q

for support, regulation & protection of neurons.

A

neuroglia

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17
Q

contains a single relatively large and centrally located nucleus with a prominent nucleolus.

A

Cell Body

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17
Q

also calles soma

A

cell body

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18
Q

aggregates of rough ER and free ribosomes. It is the primary site of protein synthesis in neurons

A

Nissl (nis′l) substance

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18
Q

are short, often highly branched cytoplasmic extensions that are tapered from
their bases at the neuron cell body to their tips.

A

dendrites

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19
Q

is a long cell process extending from the neuron cell body.

A

axons

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19
Q

the “input” part of the neuron.

A

dendrites

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19
Q

is the part of the neuron where the axon originates, is where
nerve cells generate action potentials.

A

Trigger zone (axon hillock)

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20
Q

small extensions in dendrite surfaces where axons of other neurons form
synapses with the dendrites

A

Dendritic spines

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21
Q

The “output” part of the neuron. It is the fibers that send messages to other neurons.

A

axons

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21
Q

is the junction between a nerve cell and another cell.

A

synapse

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22
Q

is the ending of an axon in the synapse.

A

Presynaptic Terminal

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23
Q

NOTE ON DENDRITES

A

ROUGH SURFACE
MAY DENDRITES
HAVE RIBOSOME
NO MYELIN IN SULATION

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24
Q

NOTE

A

AXON HAS NO RIBOSOME
CAN HAVE MYELIN1
1 AXON PER CELL
SMOOT SURFACE

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25
Q

Neurons do not touch;
there is a gap between them called

A

synapse

25
Q

Messages are sent across the synapses by
special chemicals called

A

neurotrasmitter

26
Q

based on the number of processes that extend from the neuron cell body

A

Structural -

26
Q

The use of neurotransmitters
causes an

A

electric current

27
Q

many dendrites, one axon.

A

multi polar neurons

27
Q

-one dendrite and one axon (each end of cell body).

A

Bipolar neurons

28
Q

single process coming off cell body, giving rise to dendrites (at one end) & axon (making up rest of
process).

A

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

28
Q

no anatomical clues to determine axons from dendrites. Functions unknown.

A

Anaxonic neurons

28
Q

based on the direction in which action potentials are conducted

A

Functional

29
Q

what is the structure of sensory neuron

A

unipolar

30
Q

structure of motor neuron

A

multipolar

30
Q

nerve cell located between motor and sensory neurons that shuttles
signals through CNS pathways where integration occurs.

A

Association (interneurons

31
Q

are the most common type of neuron.

A

interneurons

32
Q
A
33
Q

There are four types of CNS glial cells.

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Microglia
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Ependymal Cells
34
Q

create supportive framework for neurons.
-create “blood-brain barrier”.

A

Astrocytes

35
Q

monitor & regulate interstitial fluid surrounding neurons.
-secrete chemicals for embryological neuron formation.
-stimulate the formation of scar tissue secondary to CNS injury.

A

Astrocytes

36
Q

produce, monitor & help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
-line ventricles of brain & central canal of spinal cord

A

Ependymal Cells

37
Q

“brain macrophages”; protects CNS from infection.
- phagocytize (eats) cellular wastes and pathogens.

A

microglia

38
Q

form myelin sheath around axons or encloses unmyelinated sheath axons of neurons in the CNS.
- myelinated axons transmit impulses faster than unmyelinated axons.

A

oligodendrocytes

39
Q

surround all axons of neurons in the PNS creating a neurilemma/myelin sheath around
them.

A

Schwann Cells (neurolemmocytes

40
Q
  • surround neuron cell bodies in sensory ganglia
A

Satellite Cells

41
Q

provide support and nutrition to the neuron cell bodies

A

Satellite Cells

42
Q

protect neurons from heavy metal poisons, such as lead and mercury, by absorbing
them and reducing their access to the neuron cell bodies

A

Satellite Cells

43
Q

together to form nerves in the PNS & tracts/pathways in the
CNS.

A

axons of neurons

44
Q

unmyelinated structures and will be part of

A

gray matter

45
Q

the presence of ____ speeds up the transmission of action potentials along the axon.

A

myelin

46
Q

mainly comprised of groups of neuron cell bodies, dendrites and synapses

A

gray matter

47
Q

the region of gray matter within the white matter

A

basal nuclei

48
Q

the largest part of human brain.

A

cerebrum

49
Q

deep groove that divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres

A

Longitudinal Fissure

49
Q

the “executive suite” of the nervous system, where our conscious mind is
found.

A

cerebral cortex

50
Q

a ridge or fold between two clefts or cortical region rolls and folds upon
itself which greatly increase the surface area of the cortex

A

gyri

51
Q

the shallower grooves between the gyri

A

sulci

52
Q

4 lobs

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

53
Q

note on left himisphere

A

numerical and scientific skills
- reasoning
- ability to use and understand sign language
- receives somatic sensory signals from and
controls muscles on right side of body.
- spoken and written language.

54
Q

note on right hemisphere

A

space and pattern perception.
- musical and artistic awareness.
- recognition of faces and emotional content of
facial expressions.
- receives somatic sensory signals from and
controls muscles on left side of body.
- generating emotional content of language.
- generating mental images to compare spatial
relationships.
- identifying and discriminating among odors

55
Q

important in voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, the sense of
smell, and mood.

A

frontal lobe

56
Q

the major center for the reception and evaluation of most sensory information,
such as touch, pain, temperature, balance, and taste.

A

parietal lobe

57
Q

functions in the reception and integration of visual input and is not distinctly
separate from the other lobes.

A

occipital lobe

58
Q

receives and evaluates input for smell and hearing and plays an important
role in memory. I

A

temporal lobe

59
Q

more on analytical
-mathematics, speech

A

left hemi

60
Q

for musical ability
-3D/spatial perception

A

right hemi

61
Q

understanding language at the frontal lobe.

A

Wernicke’s area”

62
Q

motor speech at the inferior portion of frontal lobe (for speaking language).-

A

broca’s area

COLLEGE(2) SEMIS (12 decks)

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