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Year 2- Urinary > Radiology of Renal Tract > Flashcards

Radiology of Renal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of plain films e.g. x-ray?

A

Cheap, readily available
Functional and anatomical information

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2
Q

Disadvantages of plain films e.g. x-ray in urinary/renal?

A

Low sensitivity and specificity for urological diseases
Radiation

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3
Q

Advantages of Ultrasound?

A

Cheap, readily available
No radiation
Contrast is not nephrotoxic
Real time imaging

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4
Q

Disadvantages of Ultrasound in urinary/renal?

A

Limited by body habitus and gas
Poor visualisation of ureters
Operator dependant
No functional information

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5
Q

Advantages of CT for imaging of urinary/renal system?

A

Currently imaging of choice for renal stones, staging renal tumours and investigating haematuria.

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6
Q

Disadvantages of CT for imaging of urinary/renal system?

A

Radiation dose
Cost
Reaction to contrast and nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

What are isotope scans most commonly used in the investigation of?

A

Prostate cancer

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8
Q

What is DMSA isotope scanning used to look at?

A

Renal scarring

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9
Q

What is MAG3 isotope scanning used to look at?

A

Assess renal function and drainage

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10
Q

What are bone isotope scanning used to look at?

A

Metastatic disease e.g. prostate cancer

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11
Q

What imaging modality of choice in the staging of renal tumours?

A

CT

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12
Q

How long is each kidney?

A

10-12cm

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13
Q

When do kidneys stop increasing in size?

A

20yrs

->they become smaller in later life

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14
Q

How long are the ureters?

A

25-30cm

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15
Q

Where are the three points of narrowing in the ureters?

A

Utero-pelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Where ureter enters bladder

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16
Q

Trigone of bladder?

A

Triangular area between the ureteric and urethral orifices

17
Q

What are some indications of renal imaging?

A

Renal colic and renal stone disease
Haematuria
Suspected renal mass
UTIs
Hypertension

18
Q

Pyelography?

A

Contrast study involving the injection of contrast into the ureters

19
Q

Micturating cystourethrography is a another type of contrast study. When may it be used?

A

To assess vesico-ureteric reflux and it’s grade

20
Q

Advantages of MRI in the urinary/renal system?

A

Multiplanar imaging
Excellent contrast resolution
Imaging of urothelium without contrast injection

21
Q

Disadvantages of MRI in the urinary/renal system?

A

Poor spatial resolution
Poor detection of calcification and stones
Cost
Longer time
Contraindications e.g. pacemaker, claustrophobia
Reaction to contrast and other side effects

22
Q

PET CT has limited use in the staging of urological malignancies, why is this?

A

High uptake in urine and variable uptake by tumours

23
Q

What is the best imaging modality to diagnose renal tract stones?

A

CT

24
Q

What is the least helpful imaging modality in assessment of patient with suspected renal artery stenosis?

A

Ultrasound

25
Q
A

Year 2- Urinary (22 decks)

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