Radiology

Question 1

Imaging modalities using ionizing radiation (2)

Answer 1

radiographs (incl fluoroscopy) and computed tomography (CT)

Question 2

Imaging modalities using non-ionizing radiation (2)

Answer 2

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasound (US)

Question 3

True/False: conventional radiographs use contrast material

Answer 3

false

Question 4

Common radiographic projections (3)

Answer 4

1) Anterior-posterior (AP)
2) Posterior-Anterior (PA)
3) lateral

Question 5

A very dense material will absorb all the x-rays. Does this look white or black on film?

Answer 5

white (radiopaque/radiodense)

Question 6

Low-density material will allow more x-rays to strike the film. Does this look white or black on film?

Answer 6

black (radiolucent)

Question 7

Order these from radiolucent to radiopaque: soft tissue/fluid, bone, fat, air, and metal.

Answer 7

Air, fat, soft tissue/fluid, bone, and metal

Question 8

Most dense, naturally occurring material which absorbs most x-rays

Answer 8

calcium

Question 9

Continuous beam of x-ray passes through the patient to give a moving, real-time image.

Answer 9

fluoroscopy

Question 10

Use of contrast in fluoroscopy is useful to do what?

Answer 10

evaluate motion in the intestinal tract or angiographic studies

Question 11

Unit used for CT density measurement

Answer 11

Hounsfield Units

Question 12

Denser substances that absorb more x-rays have ___ CT numbers, are said to demonstrate ______ attenuation, and are displayed as _____ densities on CT scans

Answer 12

high; increased; whiter

Question 13

Less dense substances that absorb fewer x-rays have ___ CT numbers, are said to demonstrate ____ attenuation, and are displayed as ____ densities on CT scans

Answer 13

low; decreased; blacker

Question 14

Type of post-processing with CT scans where different settings optimize the visibility of different types of pathology.

Answer 14

CT windowing (e.g. bone window, lung window)

Question 15

Do CTs need contrast material?

Answer 15

They can be performed with or without intravenous iodinated contrast but yield more information when used

Question 16

In some patients who have compromised renal function, this contrast can produce a nephrotoxic effect resulting in acute tubular necrosis. Though usually reversible, in a small number of patients with underlying renal insufficiency, renal dysfunction may permanently worsen.

Answer 16

intravenous iodinated contrast material

Question 17

What’s cheaper, an MRI or CT scan?

Answer 17

CT scan

Question 18

Patient placed within the bore of a powerful magnet that passes radio waves through the body in a particular series of very short pulses.

Answer 18

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 19

All MRI machines are calibrates in ____ units. The strength of a magnetic field is measured in ____ or ____ units.

Answer 19

Tesla; Tesla; Gauss

Question 20

(CT imaging) Water will be ___ on T1-weighted images and ____ on T2-weighted images.

Answer 20

dark; bright

Question 21

CT weighting. Usually best anatomical detail

Answer 21

T1 weighted

Question 22

CT weighting. Usually most sensitive for pathological lesions

Answer 22

T2 weighted

Question 23

Better soft tissue detail: CT or MRI

Answer 23

MRI

Question 24

In patients with renal insufficiency, gadolinium-based contrast agents have been associated with a rare, painful, debilitating, and sometimes fatal disease

Answer 24

nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)

Question 25

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis produces fibrosis of <4 things> resembling scleroderma

Answer 25

1) skin
2) eyes
3) joints
4) internal organs

Question 26

Employs a transducer that produces high frequency sound waves. Sound reflected by body sturctures and is recorded by the transducer then interpreted by a computer to produce a real-time image on the display monitor

Answer 26

Ultrasound

Question 27

In ultrasound imaging, tissue that reflects many echoes is referred to as increased echogenicity or sonodense and appears as….

Answer 27

bright/white

Question 28

In ultrasound imaging, tissue that has few or no echoes is referred to as decreased echogenicity or sonolucent and appears as…

Answer 28

dark/black