Palm of the Hand

Question 1

Proximal row of carpal bones (lateral to medial)

Answer 1

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

Question 2

Distal row of carpal bones (lateral to medial)

Answer 2

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Question 3

Triangular-shaped thickening of deep fascia which lies immediately deep to the subcutaneous tissue of the palm.

Answer 3

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 4

Proximally, the apex of the palmar aponeurosis is attached to the ______ _____ tendon when present. Otherwise it’s attached to flexor retinaculum

Answer 4

palmaris longus tendon

Question 5

Distally the palmar aponeurosis divides into four slips, one to each finger, to attach to the ____ ____ sheaths

Answer 5

fibrous digital sheaths

Question 6

Functions of the palmar aponeurosis (2)

Answer 6

1) gives firm attachment to the skin of the palm to improve grip
2) protects the underlying vessels, nerves, and long flexor tendons

Question 7

Only muscle innervated by the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

Answer 7

palmaris brevis

Question 8

Small quadrate shaped muscle that is superficial to the hypothenar muscles in the medial hand. Attached to the skin of the palm.

Answer 8

palmaris brevis

Question 9

Action of the palmaris brevis

Answer 9

tightens skin over hypothenar eminence

Question 10

Cover the palmar side of each digit with arching and cross-shaped fibers. They form a tunnel through which pass the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus to their insertions.

Answer 10

Fibrous digital sheaths

Question 11

Prevents bowstringing of the long flexor tendons at the wrist

Answer 11

Flexor retinaculum

Question 12

Form a muscular mound at the base of the thumb. Consists of these three muscles that insert and act on it.

Answer 12

1) abductor pollicis brevis
2) flexor pollicis brevis
3) opponens pollicis

Question 13

Innervation of all three thenar muscles

Answer 13

recurrent branch of the median nerve

Question 14

Action of abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 14

abducts thumb

Question 15

Action of flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 15

flexes thumb

Question 16

Located deep the the other two thenar muscles

Answer 16

opponens pollicis

Question 17

Action of the opponens pollicis

Answer 17

medially rotates metacarpal I to oppose thumb

Question 18

Two heads of the adductor pollicis (ordered proximal to distal)

Answer 18

1) oblique head

2) transverse head

Question 19

Has an oblique head and a transverse head of origin; both insert on the thumb. It is not, however, a thenar muscle.

Answer 19

adductor pollicis

Question 20

Action of the adductor pollicis

Answer 20

adducts thumb

Question 21

Produce the eminence at the base of the little finger

Answer 21

Hypothenar muscles

Question 22

Name the hypothenar muscles (3)

Answer 22

1) abductor digit minimi
2) flexor digit minimi brevis
3) opponens digit minimi

Question 23

Innervation of the hypothenar eminence muscles

Answer 23

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 24

Action of the opponens digit minimi

Answer 24

Laterally rotates metacarpal V, aids in bringing little finger into opposition with thumb

Question 25

Action of the abductor digit minimi

Answer 25

abducts little finger

Question 26

Action of the flexor digit minimi brevis

Answer 26

flexes little finger

Question 27

Four worm-like muscles that originate from flexor digitorum profundus tendons in the palm and insert on lateral side of extensor expansion of digits 2-5 (index finger to little finger)

Answer 27

lumbricals

Question 28

Actions of the lumbricals (2)

Answer 28

Flexion of MP joint and extension of IP joints

Question 29

Innervation of the medial lumbricals

Answer 29

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 30

Innervation of the lateral lumbricals

Answer 30

Digital branches of median nerve

Question 31

Origin of the lumbricals

Answer 31

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 32

Insertion of the lumbricals

Answer 32

Lateral side of extensor expansion of digits 2-5

Question 33

Four muscles located between the metacarpal bones on dorsum of hand.

Answer 33

Dorsal interosseous muscles

Question 34

Actions of the dorsal interosseous muscles (3)

Answer 34

1) flexion of MP joints 2) extension of IP joints 3) abduction away from axis through middle finger

Question 35

Innervation of the interosseous muscles

Answer 35

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 36

Three muscles located between metacarpal bones on palmar side of hand.

Answer 36

Palmar Interosseous muscles

Question 37

Actions of the palmar interosseous muscles (3)

Answer 37

1) flexion of MP joints 2) extension of IP joints 3) adduction towards axis through middle finger

Question 38

The ulnar artery mainly supplies which digits

Answer 38

medial 3.5

Question 39

The radial artery mainly supplies which digits

Answer 39

lateral 1.5

Question 40

Continuation of the ulnar artery into the palm. Courses laterally in palm between palmar aponeurosis and long flexor tendons of the digits. Anastomoses with the palmar branch of the radial artery on lateral side of palm.

Answer 40

Superficial palmar arch

Question 41

Branches off the superficial palmar artery (2)

Answer 41

1) Palmar digital artery (to little finger) | 2) Common palmar digital arteries

Question 42

Three arteries that supply fingers 2-5. Receive palmar metacarpal arteries from deep palmar arch. Bifurcate into proper palmar digital arteries that enter fingers.

Answer 42

Common palmar digital arteries

Question 43

Originates from the ulnar artery at the wrist. Pierces the origin of the hypothenar muscles to enter deep palm. Anastomoses with the deep palmar arch, which is located on the bases of the metacarpals.

Answer 43

Deep branch of ulnar artery

Question 44

Terminal branches of the ulnar artery (2)

Answer 44

1) superficial palmar arch | 2) deep palmar arch

Question 45

Main source of the deep palmar arch

Answer 45

radial artery

Question 46

Branches of the radial artery in the dorsum of the hand (2)

Answer 46

1) first dorsal metacarpal artery | 2) dorsal carpal arch

Question 47

Branches of the radial artery in the palm of the hand (lateral to medial; 3)

Answer 47

1) princeps pollicis artery 2) radialis indicis artery 3) deep palmar artery

Question 48

Bifurcates into the dorsal digital artery to adjacent sides of thumb and index finger.

Answer 48

First dorsal metacarpal artery

Question 49

Gives rise to dorsal metacarpal arteries, which bifurcate into dorsal digital arteries to supply adjacent sides of fingers

Answer 49

Dorsal carpal arch

Question 50

Gives off two branches (itself from the radial artery) that supply the thumb

Answer 50

princeps pollicis artery

Question 51

Supplies the lateral side of the index finger (artery)

Answer 51

Radialis indicis artery

Question 52

Located on the palmar surface of the bases of the metacarpals. Completed medially by anastomosing with the deep branch of the ulnar artery. Gives off three palmar metacarpal arteries, which anastomose with the common palmar digital arteries from the superficial palmar arch.

Answer 52

Deep palmar arch

Question 53

The median, ulnar and radial nerves all provide sensory fibers to the skin. However, only ____ and ____ nerves innervate intrinsic muscles of the hand.

Answer 53

median and ulnar

Question 54

The ulnar nerve enters the wrist lateral to the pisiform bone and passes anterior to flexor retinaculum. It divides into a superficial branch, mostly , and a deep branch, mostly

Answer 54

sensory; motor

Question 55

The deep branch of ulnar nerve innervates... (4)

Answer 55

1) hypothenar muscles 2) medial 2 lumbricals 3) all interossei muscles 4) adductor pollicis

Question 56

Innervated by superficial branch of ulnar nerve (3)

Answer 56

1) skin of medial 1.5 digits 2) skin of distal medial 1/3 of palm 3) palmaris brevis

Question 57

Innervates the hypothenar muscles, interosseous muscles, medial two lumbricals, and adductor pollicis

Answer 57

deep branch of ulnar nerve

Question 58

Multiple choice: Sensory innervation of distal 1/3rd of medial palm and medial 1.5 digits a) superficial branch of ulnar nerve b) palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve c) dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

Answer 58

a) superficial branch of ulnar nerve

Question 59

Multiple choice: Sensory innervation of proximal 1/3 of medial palm a) superficial branch of ulnar nerve b) palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve c) dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

Answer 59

b) palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

Question 60

Multiple choice: Sensory innervation of medial 1/3 of dorsum of hand and dorsum of medial 1.5 digits a) superficial branch of ulnar nerve b) palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve c) dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

Answer 60

c) dorsal cutaneous branch

Question 61

Motor innervation in palm of hand by median nerve branches (2)

Answer 61

1) all 3 thenar muscles by recurrent branch of median nerve | 2) lateral 2 lumbrical muscles by digital branches

Question 62

Emerges just distal to the flexor retinaculum and passes laterally to innervate the three thenar muscles

Answer 62

Recurrent branch of median nerve

Question 63

Provides sensory innervation to the skin of the palmar side of lateral 3.5 digits (thumb to lateral side of ring finger) and skin over distal phalanges of these digits dorsally. Also innervates the lateral two lumbrical muscles.

Answer 63

Palmar digital nerves

Question 64

Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve from the forearm enters palm above the ______, not through the carpal tunnel

Answer 64

above the retinaculum

Question 65

Distribution of sensory innervation of digital branches of median nerve (3)

Answer 65

1) lateral 3.5 digits (palmar side) 2) distal lateral 2/3 of palm 3) nailbeds on dorsum of lateral 3.5 digits

Question 66

Distribution of palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve (1)

Answer 66

proximal lateral 2/3 of palm

Question 67

Which nerve has no motor innervation to hand muscles, just sensory?

Answer 67

Radial nerve

Question 68

Innervation of superficial branch of radial nerve in the hand (2)

Answer 68

1) lateral 2/3 of dorsum of hand | 2) dorsal side of the proximal part of the lateral 3.5 digits