Pectoral Region/Axilla Flashcards
1
Q
Bony eminences that are sites of tendon and ligament attachment (2)
A
tubercles and tuberosities
2
Q
Depression that serves as a site of muscle attachment or articulation with another bone
A
Fossa
3
Q
Bone of the arm
A
humerus
4
Q
bones of the forearm
A
radius and ulna
5
Q
which is medial, radius or ulna?
A
ulna
6
Q
which is lateral, radius or ulna?
A
radius
7
Q
Groups of bones in the hand (3)
A
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
8
Q
Rotation of radius and ulna resulting in palm of hand facing anteriorly
A
supination
9
Q
Rotation of radius and ulna resulting in palm of hand facing posteriorly
A
pronation
10
Q
Continuation of the subclavian artery (lateral to rib 1). Located in the armpit
A
axillary artery
11
Q
Continuation of the axillary artery in the arm. Terminates into the radial and ulnar arteries below the elbow
A
brachial artery
12
Q
Medial artery of the forearm. Courses into the palm of the hand to mostly form the superficial palmar arch.
A
ulnar artery
13
Q
Lateral artery of the forearm. Courses onto the dorsum of the hand and then passes into the palm of the hand to mostly for the deep palmar arch
A
radial artery
14
Q
Arteries in the palm of the hand (2)
A
- superficial palmar arch
2. deep palmar arch
15
Q
Anastomoses of branches of the ulnar and radial arteries
A
superficial and deep palmar arches
16
Q
Origin of distal drainage in the upper limb
A
dorsal venous arch
17
Q
Begins on the lateral side of dorsal venous arch. Ascends on anterolateral forearm and arm. Passes into the deltopectoral triangle and terminates in the axillary vein in axilla
A
cephalic vein
18
Q
Begins on medial side of dorsal venous arch. Ascends in superficial fascia on anteromedial side of forearm and lower half of medial arm. Pierces deep fascia in upper half of arm. Continues into the axilla as the axillary vein
A
basilic vein
19
Q
Receives the companion veins of the brachial artery
A
basilic vein
20
Q
Forms a communication between the basilic and cephalic veins in the anterior region of the elbow (cubital fossa). Marked variation between patients
A
median cubital vein
21
Q
Continuation of the basilic vein in the axilla. Receives the cephalic vein
A
axillary vein
22
Q
Continuation of the axillary vein in the neck
A
subclavian vein
23
Q
Originate from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1
A
brachial plexus
24
Q
Terminal branches of the brachial plexus (5)
A
- musculocutaneous nerve
- median nerve
- ulnar nerve
- radial nerve
- axillary nerve
25
Innervates muscles of anterior compartment of arm (biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles)
musculocutaneous nerve
26
Innervates most muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm and a few intrinsic muscles of thumb (thenar muscles) and lateral two lumbrical of the hand.
median nerve
27
Innervates 1.5 medial muscles of anterior compartment of forearm and most intrinsic muscles of the palm of the hand (except those innervated by median nerve)
ulnar nerve
28
Innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm
radial nerve
29
innervates deltoid muscle
axillary nerve
30
Innervation of the upper lateral arm and shoulder dermatome
C5
31
Spinal innervation of the thumb dermatome
C6
32
Spinal innervation of the middle fingers dermatome
C7
33
Spinal innervation of the little finger dermatome
C8
34
Spinal innervation of the medial arm dermatome
T1
35
Sensory nerve innervation of skin of lateral side of forearm
musculocutaneous nerve
36
Sensory nerve innervation of skin of palmar side of lateral 3.5 digits, nail beds of lateral 3.5 digits, and lateral 2/3 of palm of hand
median nerve
37
Sensory nerve innervation of skin of medial 1.5 digits (palmar and dorsal sides) and medial 1/3 of palm of hand
ulnar nerve
38
Sensory nerve innervation of skin of posterior lateral arm, posterior side of forearm, dorsolateral side of hand and dorsal side of proximal parts of lateral 3.5 fingers
radial nerve
39
Sensory nerve innervation of medial upper arm and axilla. Branch of spinal nerve T2 and NOT A BRANCH OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS
intercostobrachial nerve
40
Sensory nerve innervation of skin of upper lateral arm
axillary nerve
41
The mammary gland is a modified...
sweat gland
42
Location of mammary gland
superficial fascia
43
Axillary tail of mammary gland
Tail of spence. Reaches into the armpit actually, fun fact
44
Acts as walls to separate breast into 15-20 lobes (compartments)
Suspensory ligaments or Cooper's ligaments
45
Each breast lobe contains milk glands that drain via _____ _____ to nipple
lactiferous duct
46
Carcinoma of the breast creates tension on these ligaments, causing pitting of the skin
Suspensory ligaments or Cooper's ligaments
47
Contains a layer of loose connective tissue separating the breast from the deep fascia. Potential space that allows for some movement of breast over underlying structures
Retromammary space
48
Arteries supplying blood to the mammary gland (3)
1) internal thoracic artery (from subclavian)
2) pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery (from axillary)
3) lateral thoracic artery (from axillary)
49
75% of lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland drains into...
anterior axillary nodes
50
Remaining lymph from mammary gland (besides what goes to the axillary nodes) drains...
parasternal nodes (deep to the anterior thoracic wall and associated with the internal thoracic artery)
51
Innervation of pectoralis major (2)
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
52
Heads of the pectoralis major (2)
1) sternocostal head
| 2) clavicular head
53
Which nerves and vessels, respectively, pass deep to the pectoralis minor?
brachial plexus; axillary vessels
54
Stabilizes the scapula and assists in elevating ribs for inspiration
pectoralis minor
55
Innervation of the pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve (from brachial plexus)
56
The nerve to the subclavius muscle comes from what
brachial plexus
57
Action of the subclavius
depresses and anchors the clavic
58
Location of the serratus anterior
lateral side of the thoracic wall
59
Actions of the serratus anterior (3)
1) protracts scapula
2) anchors scapula against thoracic wall
3) rotates scapula
60
Innervation of serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve (from anterior ramus of C5, C6, C7)
61
Fascia of pectoral region (2)
pectoral and clavipectoral fascia
62
Fascia covering pectoralis major
pectoral fascia
63
Continuous layer of deep fascia that encloses the pectoralis minor and subclavius. Protects the underlying neurovascular structures that supply upper limb
clavipectoral fascia
64
Structures which pierce the clavipectoral fascia (3)
1) cephalic vein
2) pectoral branch of thoracromial artery
3) lateral pectoral nerve
65
Triangular depression inferior to the lateral part of the clavic
Clavipectoral (or deltopectoral) triange
66
Borders of the clavipectoral triangle (superior, lateral, medial)
Superior - Clavicle
Lateral - Deltoid
Medial - Pectoralis major
67
Contents of the clavipectoral triangle (2)
1) cephalic vein (superficial)
| 2) Tip of coracoid process (deep; can palpate)
68
Constituents of anterior wall of axilla
pectoralis major (and minor muscles)
69
Constituents of posterior wall of axilla (4)
1) scapula
2) subscapularis
3) latissimus dorsi
4) teres major
70
Constituents of medial wall of axilla (3)
1) upper 4-5 ribs
2) intercostal muscles between ribs
3) serratus anterior
71
Constituents of lateral wall of axilla
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (aka bicipital groove)
72
Communicates with medial cutaneous nerve of the arm in the axilla and supplies skin on the upper posteromedial side of the arm which is part of the T2 dermatome. Only major structure that passes directly through the medial wall and into the axilla.
intercostobrachial nerve
73
Lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve (anterior ramus of T2)
intercostobrachial nerve
74
Formed by fascia and a dome of skin that spans the distance between the inferior margins of the wall. Supported by he clavipectoral fascia called the suspensory ligament of axilla
floor of the axilla
75
Neurovascular bundle in the axilla is enveloped y a sheath of connective tissue. What's it called
axillary sheath
76
How is an axillary nerve block performed?
injecting anesthetic underneath the axillary sheath
77
Continuation of subclavian artery. Begins at the lateral margin of the 1st rib and passes through the axilla becoming the brachial artery at the inferior margin of the teres major muscle. Divided into 3 parts by overlying pectoralis minor muscle.
Axillary artery
78
Mnemonic for branches of the axillary artery
S-T-L-S-A-P
79
Arteries in Part 1 of branches of the axillary artery (1)
superior thoracic artery
80
Arteries in Part 2 of branches of the axillary artery (2)
1) thoracoacormial artery
| 2) lateral thoracic artery
81
Arteries in Part 3 of branches of the axillary artery (3)
1) subscapular artery
2) anterior circumflex humeral artery
3) posterior circumflex artery
82
Small and originates from the anterior surface of the first part of the axillary artery
superior thoracic artery
83
Short and originates from anterior surface of 2nd part of axillary artery just posterior to the medial (superior) margin of pectoralis major
thoracoacromial artery
84
Four branches of the thoracoacromial artery (which supply the anterior axillary wall and related regions)
pectoral, deltoid, clavicular, and acromial branches
85
Arises from anterior surface of 2nd part of axillary artery posterior to lateral (inferior) margin of pec minor
lateral thoracic artery
86
Originates from the posterior surface of the third part of the axillary artery, follows the inferior margin of the subscapularis muscle for a short distance, and then divides into its two terminal branches (the circumflex scapular artery and the thoracodorsal artery)
Subscapular artery (largest branch of axillary artery)
87
Very small artery. Winds anteriorly around surgical neck of humerus. Passes anterior to surgical neck of humerus and anastomoses with posterior circumflex humeral artery.
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
88
Runs posteriorly with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space. Winds posteriorly around surgical neck of humerus. Anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral artery.
posterior circumflex artery
89
Located medial to its "partner" artery. Begins as a continuation of the basilic vein from the arm.
axillary vein
90
Receive lymph from the upper limb and breast; located in the connective tissue.
axillary lymph nodes
91
The axillary lymph nodes drain into the ______ lymph trunks, which drain into the ____ _____ duct and _____ duct
subclavian; right lymphatic; thoracic
92
Axillary lymph nodes (6)
1) humeral nodes
2) subscapular (posterior) nodes
3) pectoral (anterior) nodes
4) central (located in center of axilla) nodes
5) apical (in apex of axilla) nodes
6) supraclavicular (above clavicle) nodes
93
Received lymph from apical nodes and drain into the subclavian lymph trunk
supraclavicular nodes
