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SF1 2 > Anterior/Posterior Forearm > Flashcards

Anterior/Posterior Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral bone of forearm

A

radius

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2
Q

Medial bone of forearm

A

ulna

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3
Q

Proximal end of the radius (head) is ______ than its distal end

A

smaller

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4
Q

The rounded head of the radius articulates with what structure of the humerus at the elbow joint

A

capitulum of humerus

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5
Q

What do both the radius and ulna have at their distal ends?

A

styloid process

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6
Q

Very tough connective tissue (fascia) connecting the ulna and radius, serving as an attachment site for muscles and separates anterior/posterior compartments in the forearm

A

interosseous membrane

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7
Q

an oval eminence on the medial side of the radius distal to the neck where the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle inserts.

A

radial tuberosity

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8
Q

Proximal end of the ulna is ____ than its distal end

A

larger

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9
Q

Part of the ulna that articulates with trochlea of humerus at elbow joint.

A

olecranon

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10
Q

Bones of the hand include 3 main groups

A

1) carpal bones of the wrist
2) metacarpals
3) phalanges of the digits

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11
Q

Unique aspect of the thumb’s phalanges?

A

It has two, a distal and proximal.

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12
Q

Besides the thumb, how many phalanges do the other fingers have?

A

Three. Proximal, Middle, Distal.

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13
Q

Parts of a phalanx

A

proximal base, shaft, and distal head.

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14
Q

Proximal row of carpal bones (lateral to medial)

A

Scaphoid - Luante - Triquetrum - Pisiform

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15
Q

Distal row of carpal bones (lateral to medial)

A

Trapezium - Trapezoid - Capitate - Hamate

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16
Q

Mnemonic for carpal bones

A

Some Lovers Try Positions | That They Can’t Handle

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17
Q

Sesamoid bone (bone within a tendon) in tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, located anterior to the triquetrum. Palpable.

A

Pisiform

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18
Q

Palpable carpal bones (4)

A

Scaphoid, pisiform, trapezium, hamate

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19
Q

Most common fracture of carpal bones

A

fracture through the middle of the scaphoid bone

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20
Q

Space between the arch of the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum

A

carpal tunnel

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21
Q

Very thick ligament that attaches to the medial and lateral ends of the carpal arch by attaching to the pisiform and hook of the hamate medially and the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium laterally.

A

flexor retinaculum

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22
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel (3)

A

1) median nerve
2) flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons
3) flexor pollicis longus

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23
Q

True/False: ulnar nerve is in the carpal tunnel

A

false

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24
Q

Origin of all four muscles in the superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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25
Q

Innervation of four muscles in superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm

A

All innervated by median nerve EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

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26
Q

Four muscles in superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm

A

1) pronator teres
2) flexor carpi radialis
3) palmaris longus
4) flexor carpi ulnaris

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27
Q

Action of flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flex and adduct the hand

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28
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis/Ulnaris both attach where?

A

metacarpal bones

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29
Q

Action of palmaris longus

A

Assists in flexing the hand

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30
Q

This muscle attaches to the palmar aponeurosis (deep fascia of palm of hand) and is missing in approximately 15% of the population

A

palmaris longus

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31
Q

Action of pronator teres

A

Attaches to the radius to pronate forearm (pulls radius anteriorly over ulna)

32
Q

Single muscle in the intermediate group of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

33
Q

Actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis (2)

A

1) flexes hand at wrist

2) flexes digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints

34
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median nerve

35
Q

Origin of the two heads, humeroulnar and radial respectively, of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna; radius

36
Q

Three muscles in the deep group of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

1) flexor digitorum profundus
2) flexor pollicis longus
3) pronator quadratus

37
Q

Innervation of the three deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

All innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT median half of flexor digitorum profundus (innervated by the ulnar nerve)

38
Q

What is the MP joint?

A

metacarpophalangeal

39
Q

What is the IP joint?

A

interphalangeal joint

40
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum profundus (2)

A

1) Flexes hand

2) flexes digits 2-5 at MP joints and proximal/distal IP joints

41
Q

Actions of flexor pollicis longus (2)

A

1) flexes hand at wrist

2) flexes MP joints and IP joint of thumb

42
Q

Action of pronator quadratus

A

Pronates hand by pulling radius anteriorly over ulna

43
Q

Connective tissue layer that surround long flexor tendons to fingers. Reduces wear of tendon against adjacent bones or tendons.

A

Synovial sheath

44
Q

Thickening of a fibrous digital sheath on the palmar aspect of the digit produces stenosis of the osseofibrous tunnel, as a result of repetitive forceful use of fingers. Inflamed flexor tendon will not run smoothly within the tendon sheath, catching on proximal edge of fibrous digital sheath. Difficulty extending phalanges.

A

Stenosing Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger)

45
Q

Innervates most muscles of anterior compartment of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus

A

median nerve

46
Q

Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus muscles

A

ulnar nerve

47
Q

Named branches of the median nerve in the forearm (2)

A

1) anterior interosseous nerve

2) palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

48
Q

Originates between two heads of pronator teres, passes distally down forearm w/ anterior interosseous artery, innervating muscles in the deep layer of anterior forearm. Branch of median nerve.

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

49
Q

Originates immediately proximal to flexor retinaculum, passes into the hand superficial to the flexor retinaculum, provides cutaneous innervation of proximal lateral 2/3rds of palm. Branch of median nerve.

A

Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

50
Q

Branches of the ulnar nerve in the anterior forearm (2)

A

1) dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

2) palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

51
Q

Innervates proximal medial 1/3 of palm of hand. Branch of ulnar nerve in anterior forearm.

A

Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

52
Q

Innervates dorsum of medial 1/3rd of hand and medial 1.5 digits. Branch of ulnar nerve in anterior forearm

A

Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

53
Q

Descends anterior to interosseous membrane with a branch of the median nerve of the same name to supply deep muscles of anterior forearm

A

Anterior Interosseous Artery

54
Q

Gives off the interosseous recurrent branch (arterial anastomosis of elbow) then courses posteriorly above interosseous membrane to enter posterior compartment of forearm, descends with deep branch of radial nerve (posterior to interosseous membrane) in the posterior compartment of forearm

A

Posterior interosseous artery

55
Q

Nerve which innervates all muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

radial nerve

56
Q

Muscles in superficial group of posterior compartment of forearm (7)

A

1) brachioradialis
2) extensor carpi radialis longus
3) extensor carpi radialis brevis
4) extensor digitorum
5) extensor digiti minimi
6) extensor carpi ulnaris
7) anconeus

57
Q

Inflammation of the common tendon from the lateral epicondyle (to the superficial group of posterior compartment of forearm muscles) due to repeated extension of the wrist joint

A

Tennis elbow

58
Q

Muscle which is anatomically in the posterior group of forearm muscles but acts as a flexor. (Exception)

A

brachioradialis

59
Q

Action of brachioradialis

A

Flexor of elbow joint when forearm in mid-prone position

60
Q

Origin of the brachioradialis

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

61
Q

Insertion of the brachioradialis

A

Distal radius

62
Q

Origin of all muscles in superficial group of posterior forearm except for extensor capri radialis longus which originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge with the brachioradialis

A

lateral epicondyle

63
Q

Rupture of side slips of extensor digitorum that inserts on the distal phalanx of fingers due to hyperflexion of DIP joint. Distal phalanx is flexed due to tear of lateral slips of extensor expansion and unopposed action of long flexors

A

Mallet finger

64
Q

Result of hyperflexion of PIP joint and hyperextension of DIP joint due to trauma to dorsum of finger. Ruptured central tendon of extensor expansion to middle phalanx at PIP joint.

A

Boutonniere Deformity

65
Q

Muscles in deep group of posterior compartment of forearm (5)

A

1) supinator
2) abductor pollicis longus
3) extensor pollicis brevis
4) extensor pollicis longus
5) extensor indicis

66
Q

All muscles in the deep group of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by…

A

radial nerve

67
Q

Thickening of deep fascia forming a transverse band at the dorsum of the wrist. Holds the extensor tendons in place during extension at wrist joint. Prevents bowstringing of tends upon hyperextension of the hand at the wrist joint.

A

Extensor retinaculum

68
Q

Terminal branches of the radial nerve (2)

A

1) Deep branch of radial nerve

2) superficial branch of radial nerve

69
Q

Innervates most of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

70
Q

Sensory nerve only. Descends in the anterior forearm underneath the brachioradialis. Distal part of anterior forearm, the nerve courses deep to the brachioradialis tendon to pass into the superficial fascia of the skin of the dorsolateral hand.

A

Superficial branch of radial nerve

71
Q

Artery which descends with deep branch of radial nerve in posterior forearm compartment. Passes posteriorly from anterior forearm into posterior forearm.

A

posterior interosseous artery (branch of ulnar artery)

72
Q

Triangular depression located on the dorsolateral wrist and hand.

A

Anatomical snuffbox

73
Q

Borders of the anatomical snuffbox (lateral, medial)

A

Lateral - abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons
Medial - extensor pollicis longus tendon

74
Q

Contents of the anatomical snuffbox (3)

A

1) radial artery (can feel pulse of artery)
2) scaphoid (can pulpate to assess for scaphoid fracture)
3) trapezium

75
Q

A fracture at the mid-shaft of the radius, in the radial groove, can result in what? (2)

A

1 )Wrist-drop (damage to radial nerve)
2) Sensory loss over dorsolateral hand and dorsal side of proximal part of lateral 3.5 fingers (again damage to radial nerve)

SF1 2 (11 decks)

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