Anterior/Posterior Forearm

Question 1

Lateral bone of forearm

Answer 1

radius

Question 2

Medial bone of forearm

Answer 2

ulna

Question 3

Proximal end of the radius (head) is ______ than its distal end

Answer 3

smaller

Question 4

The rounded head of the radius articulates with what structure of the humerus at the elbow joint

Answer 4

capitulum of humerus

Question 5

What do both the radius and ulna have at their distal ends?

Answer 5

styloid process

Question 6

Very tough connective tissue (fascia) connecting the ulna and radius, serving as an attachment site for muscles and separates anterior/posterior compartments in the forearm

Answer 6

interosseous membrane

Question 7

an oval eminence on the medial side of the radius distal to the neck where the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle inserts.

Answer 7

radial tuberosity

Question 8

Proximal end of the ulna is ____ than its distal end

Answer 8

larger

Question 9

Part of the ulna that articulates with trochlea of humerus at elbow joint.

Answer 9

olecranon

Question 10

Bones of the hand include 3 main groups

Answer 10

1) carpal bones of the wrist
2) metacarpals
3) phalanges of the digits

Question 11

Unique aspect of the thumb’s phalanges?

Answer 11

It has two, a distal and proximal.

Question 12

Besides the thumb, how many phalanges do the other fingers have?

Answer 12

Three. Proximal, Middle, Distal.

Question 13

Parts of a phalanx

Answer 13

proximal base, shaft, and distal head.

Question 14

Proximal row of carpal bones (lateral to medial)

Answer 14

Scaphoid - Luante - Triquetrum - Pisiform

Question 15

Distal row of carpal bones (lateral to medial)

Answer 15

Trapezium - Trapezoid - Capitate - Hamate

Question 16

Mnemonic for carpal bones

Answer 16

Some Lovers Try Positions | That They Can’t Handle

Question 17

Sesamoid bone (bone within a tendon) in tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, located anterior to the triquetrum. Palpable.

Answer 17

Pisiform

Question 18

Palpable carpal bones (4)

Answer 18

Scaphoid, pisiform, trapezium, hamate

Question 19

Most common fracture of carpal bones

Answer 19

fracture through the middle of the scaphoid bone

Question 20

Space between the arch of the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum

Answer 20

carpal tunnel

Question 21

Very thick ligament that attaches to the medial and lateral ends of the carpal arch by attaching to the pisiform and hook of the hamate medially and the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium laterally.

Answer 21

flexor retinaculum

Question 22

Contents of the carpal tunnel (3)

Answer 22

1) median nerve
2) flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons
3) flexor pollicis longus

Question 23

True/False: ulnar nerve is in the carpal tunnel

Answer 23

false

Question 24

Origin of all four muscles in the superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm

Answer 24

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 25

Innervation of four muscles in superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm

Answer 25

All innervated by median nerve EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

Question 26

Four muscles in superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm

Answer 26

1) pronator teres 2) flexor carpi radialis 3) palmaris longus 4) flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 27

Action of flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 27

flex and adduct the hand

Question 28

Flexor Carpi Radialis/Ulnaris both attach where?

Answer 28

metacarpal bones

Question 29

Action of palmaris longus

Answer 29

Assists in flexing the hand

Question 30

This muscle attaches to the palmar aponeurosis (deep fascia of palm of hand) and is missing in approximately 15% of the population

Answer 30

palmaris longus

Question 31

Action of pronator teres

Answer 31

Attaches to the radius to pronate forearm (pulls radius anteriorly over ulna)

Question 32

Single muscle in the intermediate group of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 32

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 33

Actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis (2)

Answer 33

1) flexes hand at wrist | 2) flexes digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints

Question 34

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 34

median nerve

Question 35

Origin of the two heads, humeroulnar and radial respectively, of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 35

Medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna; radius

Question 36

Three muscles in the deep group of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 36

1) flexor digitorum profundus 2) flexor pollicis longus 3) pronator quadratus

Question 37

Innervation of the three deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 37

All innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT median half of flexor digitorum profundus (innervated by the ulnar nerve)

Question 38

What is the MP joint?

Answer 38

metacarpophalangeal

Question 39

What is the IP joint?

Answer 39

interphalangeal joint

Question 40

Actions of flexor digitorum profundus (2)

Answer 40

1) Flexes hand | 2) flexes digits 2-5 at MP joints and proximal/distal IP joints

Question 41

Actions of flexor pollicis longus (2)

Answer 41

1) flexes hand at wrist | 2) flexes MP joints and IP joint of thumb

Question 42

Action of pronator quadratus

Answer 42

Pronates hand by pulling radius anteriorly over ulna

Question 43

Connective tissue layer that surround long flexor tendons to fingers. Reduces wear of tendon against adjacent bones or tendons.

Answer 43

Synovial sheath

Question 44

Thickening of a fibrous digital sheath on the palmar aspect of the digit produces stenosis of the osseofibrous tunnel, as a result of repetitive forceful use of fingers. Inflamed flexor tendon will not run smoothly within the tendon sheath, catching on proximal edge of fibrous digital sheath. Difficulty extending phalanges.

Answer 44

Stenosing Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger)

Question 45

Innervates most muscles of anterior compartment of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 45

median nerve

Question 46

Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus muscles

Answer 46

ulnar nerve

Question 47

Named branches of the median nerve in the forearm (2)

Answer 47

1) anterior interosseous nerve | 2) palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

Question 48

Originates between two heads of pronator teres, passes distally down forearm w/ anterior interosseous artery, innervating muscles in the deep layer of anterior forearm. Branch of median nerve.

Answer 48

Anterior interosseous nerve

Question 49

Originates immediately proximal to flexor retinaculum, passes into the hand superficial to the flexor retinaculum, provides cutaneous innervation of proximal lateral 2/3rds of palm. Branch of median nerve.

Answer 49

Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

Question 50

Branches of the ulnar nerve in the anterior forearm (2)

Answer 50

1) dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve | 2) palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

Question 51

Innervates proximal medial 1/3 of palm of hand. Branch of ulnar nerve in anterior forearm.

Answer 51

Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

Question 52

Innervates dorsum of medial 1/3rd of hand and medial 1.5 digits. Branch of ulnar nerve in anterior forearm

Answer 52

Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

Question 53

Descends anterior to interosseous membrane with a branch of the median nerve of the same name to supply deep muscles of anterior forearm

Answer 53

Anterior Interosseous Artery

Question 54

Gives off the interosseous recurrent branch (arterial anastomosis of elbow) then courses posteriorly above interosseous membrane to enter posterior compartment of forearm, descends with deep branch of radial nerve (posterior to interosseous membrane) in the posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 54

Posterior interosseous artery

Question 55

Nerve which innervates all muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 55

radial nerve

Question 56

Muscles in superficial group of posterior compartment of forearm (7)

Answer 56

1) brachioradialis 2) extensor carpi radialis longus 3) extensor carpi radialis brevis 4) extensor digitorum 5) extensor digiti minimi 6) extensor carpi ulnaris 7) anconeus

Question 57

Inflammation of the common tendon from the lateral epicondyle (to the superficial group of posterior compartment of forearm muscles) due to repeated extension of the wrist joint

Answer 57

Tennis elbow

Question 58

Muscle which is anatomically in the posterior group of forearm muscles but acts as a flexor. (Exception)

Answer 58

brachioradialis

Question 59

Action of brachioradialis

Answer 59

Flexor of elbow joint when forearm in mid-prone position

Question 60

Origin of the brachioradialis

Answer 60

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Question 61

Insertion of the brachioradialis

Answer 61

Distal radius

Question 62

Origin of all muscles in superficial group of posterior forearm except for extensor capri radialis longus which originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge with the brachioradialis

Answer 62

lateral epicondyle

Question 63

Rupture of side slips of extensor digitorum that inserts on the distal phalanx of fingers due to hyperflexion of DIP joint. Distal phalanx is flexed due to tear of lateral slips of extensor expansion and unopposed action of long flexors

Answer 63

Mallet finger

Question 64

Result of hyperflexion of PIP joint and hyperextension of DIP joint due to trauma to dorsum of finger. Ruptured central tendon of extensor expansion to middle phalanx at PIP joint.

Answer 64

Boutonniere Deformity

Question 65

Muscles in deep group of posterior compartment of forearm (5)

Answer 65

1) supinator 2) abductor pollicis longus 3) extensor pollicis brevis 4) extensor pollicis longus 5) extensor indicis

Question 66

All muscles in the deep group of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by...

Answer 66

radial nerve

Question 67

Thickening of deep fascia forming a transverse band at the dorsum of the wrist. Holds the extensor tendons in place during extension at wrist joint. Prevents bowstringing of tends upon hyperextension of the hand at the wrist joint.

Answer 67

Extensor retinaculum

Question 68

Terminal branches of the radial nerve (2)

Answer 68

1) Deep branch of radial nerve | 2) superficial branch of radial nerve

Question 69

Innervates most of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm.

Answer 69

Deep branch of radial nerve

Question 70

Sensory nerve only. Descends in the anterior forearm underneath the brachioradialis. Distal part of anterior forearm, the nerve courses deep to the brachioradialis tendon to pass into the superficial fascia of the skin of the dorsolateral hand.

Answer 70

Superficial branch of radial nerve

Question 71

Artery which descends with deep branch of radial nerve in posterior forearm compartment. Passes posteriorly from anterior forearm into posterior forearm.

Answer 71

posterior interosseous artery (branch of ulnar artery)

Question 72

Triangular depression located on the dorsolateral wrist and hand.

Answer 72

Anatomical snuffbox

Question 73

Borders of the anatomical snuffbox (lateral, medial)

Answer 73

Lateral - abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons Medial - extensor pollicis longus tendon

Question 74

Contents of the anatomical snuffbox (3)

Answer 74

1) radial artery (can feel pulse of artery) 2) scaphoid (can pulpate to assess for scaphoid fracture) 3) trapezium

Question 75

A fracture at the mid-shaft of the radius, in the radial groove, can result in what? (2)

Answer 75

1 )Wrist-drop (damage to radial nerve) 2) Sensory loss over dorsolateral hand and dorsal side of proximal part of lateral 3.5 fingers (again damage to radial nerve)