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SF1 2 > Arm and Scapular Region > Flashcards

Arm and Scapular Region Flashcards

1
Q

[Feature of humerus] Projects medially and somewhat superiorly to articulate with glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral join

A

head

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2
Q

[Feature of humerus] Lies between head and greater and lesser tubercles laterally

A

anatomical neck

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3
Q

[Feature of humerus] Prominent landmarks on proximal humerus that serve as attachment sites for the four rotator cuff muscles of the glenohumeral joint

A

Greater and lesser tubercles

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4
Q

[Feature of humerus] Separates the lesser and greater tubercles and houses tendon of long head of biceps brachii

A

Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

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5
Q

[Feature of humerus] Insertion site for deltoid muscle, inserts onto the lateral humerus

A

deltoid tuberosity

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6
Q

[Feature of humerus] Located between proximal part of the humerus (head, anatomical neck, and tubercles) and the shaft. Common site for fractures of humerus.

A

Surgical neck

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7
Q

[Feature of humerus] Shallow groove which passes diagonally down humerus medial to lateral. The radial nerve and the deep brachial artery lie in this groove.

A

radial groove

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8
Q

[Feature of humerus] Large bony protuberance that is a major palpable landmark on the medial side of the distal end of the humerus. Attachment site for some of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

medial epicondyle

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9
Q

[Feature of humerus] The ulnar nerve passes from the arm into the forearm around the posterior surface of this feature and can be palpated against the bone in this location

A

medial epicondyle

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10
Q

[Feature of humerus] Much less pronounced than its medial counterpart. Attachment site of some of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm. On the distal extremity of the bone.

A

lateral epicondyle

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11
Q

Divides the arm into two compartments, passing from each side of the humerus to the outer sleeve of deep fascia that surrounds the limb.

A

Medial and lateral intermuscular septa

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12
Q

Compartment of the forearm which contains major flexors and supination muscles

A

anterior compartment

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13
Q

Compartment of the forearm which contains major extensor muscles

A

posterior compartment

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14
Q

Muscles of the anterior arm (3)

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis.

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15
Q

Muscles of the anterior arm are all innervated by…

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus, it holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle in the intertubercular sulcus.

A

Transverse humeral ligament

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17
Q

Origin of the long head of the biceps brachii

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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18
Q

Origin of the short head of the biceps brachii

A

coracoid process of scapula

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19
Q

Insertion of the biceps brachii (both heads together)

A

radial tuberosity

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20
Q

Actions of the biceps brachii (3)

A

1) powerful flexor of forearm at elbow joints
2) powerful supinator of forearm
3) weak flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint

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21
Q

Flat sheet of connective tissue that fans out from the medial side of the tendon (distal end of biceps brachii) to blend with deep fascia covering the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

bicipital aponeurosis

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22
Q

Action of the brachialis

A

powerful flexor of forearm at elbow joint

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23
Q

Action of the coracobrachialis

A

flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint

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24
Q

Muscle taking up the posterior compartment of the arm

A

triceps brachii

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25
Q

Origin of the long head of the triceps brachii

A

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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26
Q

Origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii

A

posterior surface of humerus

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27
Q

Origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii

A

posterior surface of humerus

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28
Q

Action of the triceps brachii muscle

A

extension of forearm at elbow joint

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29
Q

Innervation of the triceps brachii

A

radial nerve

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30
Q

Continuation of the axillary artery into the anterior arm . Terminates just below elbow joint. Descends the arm with the median nerve

A

brachial artery

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31
Q

Branches of the brachial artery (3)

A

1) deep brachial artery
2) superior ulnar collateral artery
3) inferior ulnar collateral artery

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32
Q

Courses into the posterior compartment of the arm and joins the radial nerve in the radial groove of the humerus. Terminal branches (radial and middle collateral) participate in arterial anastomosis around elbow joint

A

Deep brachial artery

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33
Q

Courses with the ulnar nerve to pass posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and posterior to the elbow joint. Participates in the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint.

A

Superior ulnar collateral artery

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34
Q

Descends anterior to the elbow joint as a branch from the brachial artery. Participates in the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint.

A

Inferior ulnar collateral artery

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35
Q

Term for a side branch off the main artery

A

collateral

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36
Q

Term for an artery that courses back in relation to the main artery (back toward the source)

A

recurrent

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37
Q

There are 8 arteries anastomosing in the elbow joint. Name the four above the elbow

A

1) superior ulnar collateral artery
2) inferior ulnar collateral artery
3) radial collateral artery
4) middle collateral artery

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38
Q

There are 8 arteries anastomosing in the elbow joint. Name the four below the elbow

A

1) anterior ulnar recurrent artery
2) posterior ulnar recurrent artery
3) interossesous recurrent artery
4) radial recurrent artery

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39
Q

[Elbow Joint Anastomosis] Pair of superior ulnar collateral artery

A

posterior ulnar recurrent artery

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40
Q

[Elbow Joint Anastomosis] Pair of inferior ulnar collateral artery

A

anterior ulnar recurrent artery

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41
Q

[Elbow Joint Anastomosis] Pair of radial collateral artery

A

radial recurrent artery

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42
Q

[Elbow Joint Anastomosis] Pair of middle collateral artery

A

interosseous recurrent artery

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43
Q

Veins of the arm (3)

A

1) paired brachial veins
2) cephalic vein
3) basilic vein

44
Q

Pass along the medial and lateral sides of the brachial artery, receiving tributaries that accompany branches of the artery

A

Paired brachial veins

45
Q

Passes vertically in the distal half of the arm, penetrates deep fascia to assume a position medial to the brachial artery, then becomes the axillary vein at the lower border of the teres major muscle.

A

Basilic vein

46
Q

Passes superiorly on the anterolateral aspect of the arm and through the anterior wall of the axilla to reach the axillary vein

A

Cephalic vein

47
Q

Sensory innervation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve

A

innervates skin of dorsum of hand

48
Q

Motor innervation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

innervates most extensors in forearm which extend hand

49
Q

Damage to the radial nerve in the radial groove results in what condition

A

wrist drop (loss of extension of hand)

50
Q

Triangular depression anterior to the elbow

A

cubital fossa

51
Q

Borders of the cubital fossa (superior, medial, lateral)

A

Superior: Imaginary horizontal line between the medial/lateral epicondyles of humerus
Medial: protonator teres muscle of forearm
Lateral: brachioradialis muscle of the forearm

52
Q

Major contents of the cubital fossa, from lateral to medial (3)

A

1) tendon of the biceps brachii
2) brachial artery
3) median nerve

53
Q

Located in superficial fascia in the cubital fossa. Connects cephalic vein on the lateral side of the upper limb with the basilic vein on the medial side. Separated from the brachial artery and median nerve by bicipital aponeurosis

A

median cubital vein

54
Q

True/False: the humerus and scapula articulate

A

true

55
Q

[Feature of Scapula] Shallow depression which articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint

A

Glenoid cavity/fossa

56
Q

[Feature of Scapula] Inferior to the glenoid caivty is the site of attachment for the long head of the triceps brachii muscle

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

57
Q

[Feature of Scapula] Superior to the glenoid cavity and is the site of attachment for the long head of the viceps brachii muscle

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

58
Q

[Feature of Scapula] An anterolateral projection of the spine, arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates, via a small oval facet on its distal end, with the clavicle

A

acromion

59
Q

[Feature of Scapula] Hook-like structure that projects anterolaterally and is positioned directly inferior to the lateral part of the clavicle

A

coracoid process

60
Q

[Feature of Scapula] Prominent ride that subdivides the posterior surface of the scaupla into a small, superior supraspinous fossa which houses supraspinatus muscle and a much larger, inferior infraspinous fossa which houses the infraspinatus muscle.

A

scapular spine

61
Q

Houses spuraspinatus muscle

A

supraspinous fossa

62
Q

Houses the infraspinatus muscle

A

infraspinous fossa

63
Q

Superficial group of extrinsic muscles of the shoulder (3)

A

1) trapezius
2) latissimus dorsi
3) serratus anterior

64
Q

Deep group of extrinsic muscles of the shoulder (2)

A

1) levator scapulae

2) rhomboids major and minor

65
Q

Insertion of serratus anterior muscle

A

medial border of scapula

66
Q

Innervation of the serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

67
Q

Actions of the serratus anterior (3)

A

1) rotates scapula
2) protraction of scapula
3) anchors scapula against thoracic wall

68
Q

rotator cuff muscles (4)

A

1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus
3) teres minor
4) subscapularis

69
Q

Why can the head of the abducted humerus be dislocated inferiorly?

A

Rotator cuff tendons are not present below the shoulder joint

70
Q

Innervation of the supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

71
Q

Actions of the supraspinatus muscle (2)

A

1) initiates abduction of arm

2) stabilizes glenohumeral joint

72
Q

Innervation of the infraspinatus muscle

A

Suprascapular nerve

73
Q

Actions of the infraspinatus (2)

A

1) externally rotates arm

2) stabilizes glenohumeral joint

74
Q

Innervation of the teres minor muscle

A

axillary nerve

75
Q

Actions of the terres minor (2)

A

1) externally rotates arm

2) stabilizes glenohumeral joint

76
Q

Innervation of the subscapularis muscle (2)

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

77
Q

Actions of the subscapularis muscle (2)

A

1) internally rotates arm

2) stabilizes glenohumeral joint

78
Q

Non-rotator cuff intrinsic muscles of the shoulder (2)

A

1) teres major

2) deltoid

79
Q

Innervation of the teres major muscle

A

Lower subscapular nerve

80
Q

Actions of the teres major muscle (2)

A

1) internally rotates arm

2) extends arm

81
Q

Innervation of the deltoid

A

axillary nerve

82
Q

Actions of the deltoid muscle (3)

A

1) anterior/clavicular part: flexes arm
2) middle/acromial part: abducts arm
3) posterior/spinal part: extends arm

83
Q

Muscle that initiates abduction of the arm (first 15 degrees) and then the muscle which takes it from 15-180 degrees

A

supraspinatus; deltoid

84
Q

After the arm hits 90 degrees of abduction and the humerus bumps into the acromion, which two muscles assist with upward scapular rotation to continue abduction

A

serratus anterior and trapezius muscles

85
Q

Term. Synovial sac filled by a capillary film of synovial fluid. Sac is located between tendon and bone or tendon and another muscle to reduce friction between these structures.

A

Bursa

86
Q

synovial sac lying between supraspinatus tendon and acromion and deltoid muscle.

A

subacromial bursa

87
Q

Name of condition. Inflamation (subacromial bursitis) results in pain durin abduction of arm from 60-120 degrees.

A

painful arc syndrome

88
Q

Most commonly torn tendon of the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus tendon

89
Q

What happens when you have a torn tendon in the rotator cuff

A

patient can’t initiate abduction of arm

90
Q

This substance deposits in degenerative, inflamed tendons of the rotator cuff, adhering to subacromial bursa and joint capsule. Tendon and capsule can tear resulting in communication of bursa to joint cavity.

A

Calcium

91
Q

Boundaries of the quadrangular space (4)

A

1) inferior margin of the teres minor
2) surgical neck of the humerus
3) superior margin of the teres major
4) lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii

92
Q

Contents of the quadrangular space (2)

A

1) axillary nerve

2) posterior circumflex humeral artery

93
Q

Boundaries: long head of the triceps brachii, shaft of the humerus, and inferior margin of the teres major. What’s the structure?

A

Triangular interval

94
Q

Contents of the triangular interval (2)

A

1) radial nerve

2) deep artery of the arm

95
Q

Boundaries: long head of the triceps brachii, superior margin of the teres major, inferior margin of the teres minor. What’s the structure?

A

triangular space

96
Q

Contents of the triangular space (1)

A

1) circumflex scapular artery

97
Q

Arterial anstomoses around the shoulder joint are formed by branches of the _____ _____ of the subclavian artery and the _____ _____ of the 3rd part of the ______ artery

A

thyrocervical trunk; subscapular branch; axillary artery

98
Q

Branches of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian artery (2)

A

1) suprascauplar artery

2) transverse (superficial) cervical artery

99
Q

Branch of the thyrocervical trunk from subclavian artery. Passes to posterior side of scapula

A

suprascapular artery

100
Q

Branch of the thyrocervical runk from subclavian artery. Has a deep branch which passes deep to the trapezius and the rhomboids and levator scapulae at medial border of scapula. This deep branch is also called the dorsal scapular artery

A

Transverse (superifcial) cervical artery

101
Q

Largest branch of the axillary artery. Passes alon gthe lateral border of the scapula. Circumflex scapular branch of this artery participates in the anastomoses (shoulder/)

A

subscapular artery

102
Q

Branches of the aorta that supply the thoracic wall. A few join the transverse cervical artery at the medial border of the scapula.

A

Intercostal arteries

103
Q

Ligations of the subclavian or axillary arteries can be made anywhere between the _____ ______ and ______ _____ and still maintain blood flow to upper extremity without blood loss

A

thyrocervical trunk; subscapular artery

104
Q

Branch of the upper trunk of the brahcial plexus. Passes posteriorly and runs through the suprascauplar notch inferior to the suprascapular ligament to reach the supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossae.

A

Suprascapular nerve

105
Q

Branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery. Passes posteriorly and runs superior to the suprascapular ligament to reach the supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossae.

A

Suprascapular artery

SF1 2 (11 decks)

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