Radio/Chemotherapy in Gynaecological Cancer Flashcards
How common is cervical cancer?
Accounts for 2% of all female cancers
2nd most common cancer in women <35
What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?
HPV types 16 and 18 = cause 70% of cervical cancers
What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?
Smoking, age of onset of intercourse, oral contraceptive pill, multiple partners, HPV types 16 and 18
How does cervical cancer present?
Post-coital bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, post-menopausal bleeding, acute renal failure
What are stages 1 and 2 of cervical cancer?
1A = microscopic 1B = visible lesion 2A = vaginal involvement 2B = parametrial involvement
What are stages 3 and 4 of cervical cancer?
3 = lower vaginal or pelvic sidewall 4 = bladder or rectum involvement or metastases
What is the prognosis of cervical cancer?
Stage 1A has 5 year survival of >95%
Stage 4 has 5 year survival of 20-30%
What are the surgical options for treating cervical cancer?
LLETZ, fertility sparing, Werthen
How is radiotherapy used to treat cervical cancer?
Targeted to include tumour +/- nodes = high energy x-rays, external beam, brachytherapy
What methods are used to plan treatment of cervical cancer?
EUA and marker seed insertion, CT planned, simulator
What drugs are used to treat cervical cancer?
Chemotherapy = neoadjuvant, concomittant, palliative
Cisplatin = 40 mg/meter squared
Carboplatin/paclitaxol
What are some features of brachytherapy?
Intrauterine tubes, ovoids (colpostats), ring applicator, remotely afterloaded
What is the mainstay of endometrial cancer treatment?
Surgical = TAH BSO washings
What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?
Obesity, high oestrogen levels (e.g HRT), HNPCC
How does endometrial cancer present?
Post-menopausal bleeding
