Radiation Protection Ch 6 Quiz Flashcards
Compounds that contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen
Organic compounds
do not contain carbon
Inorganic material/ compound
The most elementary building blocks of the cell essential for growth,the construction of new body tissue, and repair of injured or debilitated tissue
Proteins (building block)
Enzymes that can mend damaged molecules and are therefore capable of helping the cell to recover from a small amount of radiation induced damage
Repair enzyme
chemicals secretions manufactured by various endocrine glands carried by the bloodstream to influence the activities of other parts of the body
Hormones
protein molecules produced by specialized cells in the bone marrow
Antibodies
Foreign bodies also known as bacteria and viruses in the body
Antigens
also known as saccharides- chains of sugar molecules and function as short-term energy warehouses for the body -their primary function is to provide fuel for the cell metabolism
Carbohydrates
- Aka Fats-
- reservoirs for the long-term storage of energy
- they insulate and guard the body against environment
- support and protect organs such as the eyes and kidneys
- provide a essential substances necessary for growth and development -lubricate joints
- assist in the digestive process
Lipids
Carries the genetic information necessary for cell replication and regulates all cellular activity to direct protein synthesis
DNA
DNA that regulate cellular activity indirectly transmitting it’s genetic information outside the cell nucleus my reproducing itself in the form of RNA
–
single strand of DNA ladder like configuration
Messenger RNA
Tiny rod shaped bodies that under a microscope appear to be a long threadlike structures that become visible only in dividing cells
-they are composed of protein and DNA
Chromosomes
when water tends to move across cell surfaces or membranes into areas in which a high concentration of ions is present
Osmosis
A frail semi-permeable flexible structure encasing and surrounding the human cell
-made up of lipids and proteins
-functions as a barricade to protect cellular contents from the outside environment and
it controls the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
Protoplasm that exist outside the cell nucleus primarily composed of water but also contains proteins carbohydrates lipids salts and minerals
Cytoplasm
In the cytoplasm contains all the miniature cellular components that enabled the cell to function in a highly organized manner consist of tiny tubules,vesicles, granules and fibrils
Cytoplasmic organelles
Heart of a living cell a spherical mass of protoplasm known as nucleoplasm that contains the genetic material DNA and protein
Nucleus
Multiplication process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells
Cell division
Parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to the parent cell: this process results in approximately equal distribution of all cellular material between the two daughter cells –division phase of the cellular lifecycle
Mitosis
Is a special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to have the number of chromosomes in the parent cell
Meiosis
The chemical building material for all living things. this substance carries on the complex process of metabolism. the reception in processing of food and oxygen in a elimination of waste
Protoplasm
