Rad 100: Test Upper Extremities Flashcards
How many bones are In the hand
27 bones
How many bones are in the fingers
14 bones
3 in each finger, 2 in thumb
What do the metacarpals articulate with at their distal end?
Proximal phalanges
Name the carpal bones in the proximal row
Scaphoid (navicular)
Lunate (semi-lunar)
Triquetral (cuniform)
Pisiform
What is another name for the navicular carpal bone?
Scaphoid
What is another name for the lesser multangular?
Trapezoid (2nd in distal row of carpals)
What two bones for the saddle joint?
1st metacarpal & greater multangular (trapezium)
What carpal bone is medial to capitates?
Hamate is medial to capitates
Where is the centering point for the PA of the 3rd digit?
PIP joint
When xraying the 4th digit, which lateral is used?
Lateral medial for 4th & 5th
I’m an AP thumb, where is the central ray located?
Perpendicular to MCP joint (1st mcp)
When the hand is PA, what position is the thumb?
Oblique
Where is the central day located for the PA hand?
Centered 3rd MCP
Where is the central ray located for the lateral hand?
Centered 2nd MCP
Which projection of the hand is useful in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
Ball-catcher
When doing a lateral wrist, which forearm bone is closest to the image receptor?
The ulna
When doing a lateral wrist, what is the position of the elbow?
90
Name the 2 views specifically done to demonstrate the scaphoid bone
1) PA ulnar deviation
2) stecher method
How many degrees is the tube angled in the Gaynor-Hart Method?
Central ray=25-30
Which bone of the forearm is lateral?
Radius
Name 2 processes of the ulna that are found at the proximal end?
Coronoid & olecranon process
Where is the head of the radius located?
Proximal to radius
What does the radial head articulate with on the humerus?
Capitulum
What is the name of the process found on the distal radius?
Radial styloid process
I’m pronation if the hand, what happens to the radius and ulna?
They “flip” positions or they cross over
What is the importance of fat pads?
Displacement helps diagnose fractures of the radial head and neck
In an AP forearm, what is the relationship of the humeral epicondyles to the image receptor?
Parallel
How do you know you have a good lateral forearm?
1) Radius & ulna superimposed @ distal end
2) Perpendicular/superimposition of humeral epicondyles
3) See elbow joint
In a lateral elbow, what is the position of the humeral epicondyles?
Perpendicular/ superimposed
When the elbow is flexed, which process is in the fossa?
Coronoid process
Which projection of the elbow BEST demonstrates the trochlear notch?
Lateral
Which projection of the elbow BEST demonstrates the coronoid process?
AP oblique with medial rotation
Which projection of the elbow BEST demonstrates the radial head free of superimposition?
Lateral oblique (coyle method )
When doing a trauma elbow with a patient who cannot extend the arm, how many projections need to be taken to demonstrate an AP?
2
What structure is demonstrated in the Jones Method?
AP acute flexion= bending as far as it will go. Central ray shoots straight through olecranon process
Olecranon process
In a lateral elbow, how many exposures need to be taken to demonstrate the entire radial head circumference?
4
Where is the trochlea of the humerus located?
Distal end of humerus (medial side)
What is the most proximal portion of the humerus called?
Head
Where is the lesser tuberosity located?
Ok anterior humerus below the anatomical neck
On the humerus, what is the name of the neck round beneath the tubercles?
Surgical neck
What is the name of the fossa found on the posterior, distal humerus?
Olecranon fossa
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Hinge
Where is the deltoid tubercle found?
Body (shaft) is humerus
In an AP humerus, how many inches above the top of the shoulder is the image receptor?
1 1/2 in should be above the head of the humerus
In an AP humerus, which tubercle is demonstrated?
Lesser tubercle
Points out towards medially brining it into the profile
When performing a humerus in an AP projection, what is the position of the hand?
Supinated
What is another name of the transthoracic lateral?
Typically 3rd view of humerus typically in trauma
The Lawrence method
In a transthoracic lateral, what is the breathing tech?
Capturing the image as the patient is breathing. Issuing a longer exposure time (mas) of 2-3 sec)
