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Radiology sem 1 > Chest And Abdomen > Flashcards

Chest And Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 structures in the mediastinum?

A

Heart, trachea, esophagus, great vessels (superior and inferior vena cabs aorta)

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2
Q

Name 4 structures of the respiratory system proper?

A

Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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3
Q

Where is the carina located?

A

At bifurcation of right and left bronchi (where trachea divides)

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4
Q

Which primary bronchi sits vertically?

A

Right

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5
Q

At what point do the gas exchange occurs?

A

Alveolar sacs

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6
Q

Which lung is longer?

A

Left

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7
Q

How many lobes are in the right lung?

A

3 lobes

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8
Q

Where is the pleural cavity located?

A

Space between visceral and parietal pleura

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9
Q

And expiration and which direction does the diaphragm move?

A

Up

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10
Q

Why are chest x-rays done at 72 inches?

A

To Decrease magnification of the heart

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11
Q

Why are chest x-rays performed on the second deep breath?

A

To fill your lungs with more air

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12
Q

And a PA chest, what to maneuvers remove the scapula from the lung field?

A

1) Rotating shoulders forward

2) placing hands on the back of your hip

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13
Q

Where is the central ray located for a PA chest?

A

Midsagittal, level at 7th vertebrae

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14
Q

How many rib pairs should be demonstrated a PA chest?

A

10

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15
Q

And a lateral chest, how many inches above the shoulders sure the image receptor be placed?

A

1 1/2- 2 in above shoulders

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16
Q

Where is the central ray location for a lateral chest?

A

Mid-coronal plane at T7

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17
Q

What is the criteria used to evaluate whether you have a good lateral chest radiograph?

A

Superimposed ribs, hylum, apices, costophrenic angles

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18
Q

What is the difference between the structures shown between an AP and PA chest?

A

AP chest is magnified, clavicles higher and ribs appease more horizontal

PA chest shows better fluid

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19
Q

For what reasons are AP chest performed?

A

If the patient cannot stand or is too ill

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20
Q

Which 2 obliques of the chest will best demonstrate the left lung?

A

RAO and LPO

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21
Q

Which oblique of the chest utilizes a 55-60 degree rotation when viewing the heart?

A

LAO

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22
Q

Why is barium sometimes used in chest radiography?

A

Shows the lining of the esophagus to help demonstrate the heart shadow

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23
Q

How many degrees is the patient rotated and an RPO of the chest?

A

45 degrees

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24
Q

What is the name of the position where the patient leans back against the image receptor?

A

Lordotic or lindbolm method

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25
Q

Where is the central location in the lindbolm method?

A

Perpendicular at level of mid-sternum

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26
Q

What is demonstrated in the AP axial projection of the chest?

A

Ribs horizontal

Clavicles lye superior to apices

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27
Q

The the AP axial projection with the patient in supine, How many degrees and in which direction is the tube angled?

A

15-20 degrees cephalic

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28
Q

If the patient has fluid in the right long which decubitus position would be ordered?

A

Right lateral decubitus

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29
Q

How many minutes must the patient be lying on their side for a decubitus position?

A

5 min

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30
Q

Why are chest x-rays done erect ( standing up)?

A

To show fluid and air levels and better inspiration

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31
Q

If a patient has a chest x-ray to rule out pneumothorax what view has to be done?

A

Inspiration and expiration

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32
Q

If a patient cannot stand for a lateral chest what position can be performed?

A

Decubitus (dorsal or ventral)

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33
Q

What is the name of the membrane that covers the abdominal organs?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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34
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produces bile and filters blood

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35
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

1) Stores and releases bile

2) Activates cholecystokinin hormone

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36
Q

In what quadrant is the spleen located?

A

LUQ

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37
Q

Which organ produces insulin?

A

Pancreas

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38
Q

Name two positions of the abdomen that will demonstrate free air

A

1) AP upright

2) AP left lateral decubitus

39
Q

What does KUB stand for?

A

Kidneys ureter and bladder

40
Q

Where is the central ray located in an AP supine abdomen?

A

Level at iliac crest and mid sagittal plane

41
Q

Where is the central ray located for an AP upright abdomen?

A

Perpendicular at midline, to which is above iliac crest, mid sagittal

42
Q

What must be visualized on in AP upright abdomen?

A

Diaphragms, free air, top of the liver to pubic symphasis

43
Q

If the patient is extremely large what additional radiograph may be needed for the abdomen?

A

Transverse upper abdomen

44
Q

Which projection of the abdomen will best demonstrate an aortic aneurysm?

A

Lateral (R or L)

45
Q

Where is the central ray located for an oblique abdomen?

A

Perpendicular at level of the cross, over the elevated side

46
Q

How many degrees is a patient rotated for an LPO abdomen?

A

30-45 degrees

47
Q

How many degrees do you turn the patient if you are looking at the reproductive system?

A

30 degrees

48
Q

How far is the patient rotated or how many degrees is the patient rotated for looking at the digestive system?

A

45 degrees

49
Q

If a patient is unable to be upright for an abdomen what other position can be performed?

A

Left lateral decubitus

50
Q

I have two reasons why a PA abdomen must be done instead of an AP

A

1) Decreases gonadal dose

2) To view digestive organs

51
Q

Why are abdomen is done on expiration?

A

The abdomen rises which leaves more room for the organs

52
Q

And a left lateral decubitus position what is a radiologist looking for?

A

1) entire abdomen
2) horizontally hung
3) marshmallow looking like squares that demonstrate the spine
4) free air rises at right side of the abdomen

53
Q

What consists in the RUQ?

A 
Liver 
Right kidney 
Gallbladder
Colon 
Pancreas
54
Q

What consists in the LUQ?

A 
Stomach 
Left kidney 
Spleen 
Colin 
Pancreas
55
Q

What consists of the RLQ?

A

Appendix
Colon
Small intestine
Ureter

56
Q

What consists of the LLQ?

A

Colin
Small intestine
Ureter

57
Q

RAO and LPO both demonstrate what?

58
Q

RPO and LAO both demonstrate what?

A

Right lung

59
Q

Which of the following is located in the abdominal cavity…

1) rectum
2) urinary bladder
3) ovaries
4) spleen

60
Q

What is the name of the area between the two plural cavities?

A

Mediastinum

61
Q

Which structure is not demonstrated within the mediastinum in PA projections of the chest?

62
Q

Why should chest images be performed after the patient has suspended respiration after the second inspiration?

A

To expand of the Lungs better

63
Q

Why should I trust most likely be demonstrated using to PA projections?

A

To demonstrate pneumothorax

64
Q

Which radiographic position requires that the patient be placed prone?

A

Central decubitus

65
Q

Using a lateral decubitus position for patients who are unable to stand upright best demonstrates which of the following pathological conditions of the chest….

1) Rib fractures
2) Cardiomegly
3) collapsed lung
4) aid or fluid levels

A

4) air or fluid levels

66
Q

Which Bronchi is shorter, wider and more vertical where foreign bodies tend to go into?

67
Q

Which pleura adheres to surface of the lungs or lines the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura

68
Q

Which pleura lines the walls of the cavity or the membrane that lines chest cavity?

A

Parietal pleura

69
Q

What structure helps with the immune system and is gone once you hit puberty it’s primary control organ of the lymphatic system that lies in the lower neck anterior to the trachea?

A

Thymus gland

70
Q

Where does gas exchange occurs?

A

End of the alveolar sacs

71
Q

What is the opening where the Bronchi enters the Lungs

72
Q

Outer layer of the peritoneum?

73
Q

Cavity that contains reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and rectum?

74
Q

Double walled seromembrous sack that encloses the abdominalpelvic cavity

A

Peritoneum

75
Q

Pathology defined as a blockage of the bowel lumen?

A

Obstruction

76
Q

Pathology that is a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta?

77
Q

Presence of air in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Pneumoperitoneum

78
Q

Cavity that contains organs such as the stomach, spleen, pancreas and liver

79
Q

Pathology of the abdomen that is defined as a failure of bowel peristalsis?

80
Q

One of the folds of the peritoneum that serves to support the viscera?

81
Q

And her layer of the peritoneum

82
Q

One of the folds of the peritoneum that serves to support the viscera?

83
Q

Abdominal organs located in the retroperineum

84
Q

What is a commonly used acronym that refers to the AP projection of the abdomen with the patient supine?

85
Q

What is the meaning of the acronym KUB?

A

Kidneys, ureter and bladder

86
Q

What three projections usually compromise the three way or acute abdomen series?

A

1) AP supine
2) AP upright
3) PA chest

87
Q

Why is a trust image included as part of the acute abdomen series?

A

To demonstrate free air that may be accumulated under the diaphragm

88
Q

In the acute abdomen series what images should be substituted for the upper right abdomen radiograph when the patient is unable to stand?

A

Left lateral decubitus

89
Q

What is the advantage of the left lateral to cubitus position compared with the supine position at AP abdomen?

A

Demonstrates air fluid levels

90
Q

Why is the left lateral to cubitus position preferred over the right lateral decubitus position when the patient is unable to stand?

A

To enable rising free air to be seen through homogeneous background of the liver

91
Q

Why do we let the patient remain in the lateral recumbent position for several minutes before making the exposure for an abdomen?

A

To allow the air to rise to its highest level

92
Q

What structure of the upper abdomen should be demonstrated on the image of a left lateral decubitus?

93
Q

What identification markers should be seen on the image for the AP left lateral decubitus view?

A

Markers demonstrating which side is faced up

Radiology sem 1 (8 decks)

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