Patient Care Unit Flashcards
1
Q
What year did Robert Kash introduce germ theory?
A
1879
2
Q
Environment of growth of microbes “something that is living”
A
Host
3
Q
Host to host transmission?
Ex) sexual content, feces, flem, hand holding
A
Direct contact transmission
4
Q
What is the transmission of disease spread by droplets or dust examples are speaking, sneezing, coughing?
A
Airborne
5
Q
What is a transmission of a host to something, then gets transferred to you?
A
In direct contact
6
Q
What is the transmission carrier the transfer is infectious disease to another by in anthropod carrier?
Ex) tics, rabbies, lime disease
A
Vector
7
Q
What is the transmission disease that has been in contact with an inadamant object?
Ex) desk, water bottle etc.
A
Fomite
8
Q
What is the affection between the patient and the doctor?
A
Laterogenic infection
9
Q
Do you so-called meal infections originate where?
A
Hospitals
5% patients get something on top of why they came in the first place
10
Q
What is it with micro organisms are found in the body are exposed to external environment?
A
Patient flora (through patient)
11
Q
What is a disease causing microorganisms that are present in the blood?
A
Bloodborne pathogens
12
Q
CDC
A
Centers for disease control
13
Q
HHS
A
US Department of health and human services
14
Q
What do you both the CDC and HHS both establish?
A
Establish guidelines for environmental control of infectious disease
15
Q
OSHA
A
Department of labor’s occupational safety and health administration
16
Q
Which department is federal and enforces policies at state and federal levels?
A
OSHA (Department of labor is occupational safety and health administration)
17
Q
WHO
A
World health organization
at an international level
18
Q
What is the state of being free of germs and freedom from infection?
A
Asepsis
19
Q
What is the reduction in number of infections but it’s not at zero it’s not killing it but it illuminates it?
A
Medical asepsis
20
Q
Which ASAP this illuminates pathogens and it’s the procedure used to prevent contamination of microbes in Endospores before, during and after surgery?
A
Surgical asepsis
21
Q
What is the absolute killing of all life forms?
A
Sterilization
22
Q
Which chemical method for a sepsis is applied topically?
A
Antiseptic
23
Q
Which chemical method used for a sepsis stops a growth of bacteria but doesn’t necessarily kill it?
A
Bacteriostatic
24
Q
Which chemical methods used for a sepsis kills bacteria?
A
Bacterocidal
25
What are some types of bacteriocidal (for asepsis)
Chlorine
Iodine
Hydrogen peroxide
Ethylene oxide
26
What is a physical method to control a sepsis by the absolute killing of all lifeforms?
Sterilization
27
Is the most frequently used method physically, to control asepsis?
Heat
28
What are the different heat types to physically control asepsis?
Heat
Autoclave
Dry heat
Pasteurization
29
What are the different cold types to physically control asepsis?
Freezing
| Ultraviolet
30
What is the single most important means for venting spread of infection both chemically and physically?
Hand washing
31
What’s the method you use if you have to use needle re-capping?
The one handed scoop
32
How many injuries occur each year due to needle recapping?
800,000 injuries a year
33
What is the ratio for bleach used to clean up biospills?
10-1
34
What are the three forms of transmission to get a disease?
1) airborne
2) droplet
3) contact
35
What are some examples of airborne transmission disease?
TB
Varicella (chickenpox)
Rubella (measles)
36
For someone who is an airborne transmission disease where are the patients placed in the hospital?
Patients are placing a negative pressure isolation room with the door closed
37
What are some examples of a patient who has a droplet transmission disease?
1) rubella
2) mumps
3) influenza
*also a form of airborne
38
What is examples of a transmission disease that you get from contacting a person with that disease?
1) hepatitis A
2) chicken pox
3) MRSA
39
What are some aseptic technique’s that are typically surgical procedures?
Sterile field
Sterile draping
Sterile packs
40
What is the importance of a sterile Corredor in operating room?
Area between the patient and sterile drape and sterile instruments
41
What is a sterile procedure that’s used to remove fluid and blood and air from the plural cavity?
Chest tube
42
What is the sterile procedure that has the insertion of a tube into the bladder?
Urinary catheters
43
What are the two types of the urinary catheters?
1) foley
- balloon attached
2) straight type
- has no balloon attached
44
What is the purpose of arterial lines?
Draws the blood and measures a blood pressure it’s the “fresh stuff in the blood “
45
There’s a purpose of intravenous lines?
It’s the introduction of meds and intravenous fluids and the measurement of central venous pressure
46
What is the tool used to regulate heartbeat, use for bradycardia and is inserted under the skin with the lines go through the chambers of the heart?
Pacemaker
47
What is the nomseptic technique that has a plastic or rubber tube inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach?
Nasogastric tube (NG)
48
What is the nasogastric tube used for?
Decompression of gas
49
Why don’t you want to repeat the hypotonic anima technique on a patient?
Can give them water toxicity or fluid overload
50
Barium enema is a floral say I’m used to look at what organ?
Large intestine
51
What are the four steps of preparation for a barium enema?
1) low residue diet (no fruits, meat, milk)
2) purgation (laxatives)
3) overhydration
4) cleansing enema
52
Double contrast uses what?
Both barium and air
53
What is double contrast used to look for?
Indication of diarrhea
| High risked cancer
54
Which is typically the most routine double contrast or single contrast?
Double contrast
55
Single contrast only uses what?
Barium
56
What does single contrast look for?
```
Checks Colon
suspect fistula
Acute appendicitis
Diverticulitis
volvulus
```
57
What must the patient do after the barium enema procedure?
Must eat things high in fiber
Drink fluids for a few days
Can use a mild laxative
58
What can happen to the body if the barium isn’t flush out after the barium enema procedure?
Can cause a bowel obstruction
59
What indicates failure of circulatory system to support vital body functions
Shock
60
What type of shark is the most common and it’s from blood loss or tissue fluid
Hypovolmic
61
What type of shock is due to cardiac disorder with a heart can’t pump enough blood into tissues?
Cardiogenic
62
Which shock is due to spinal anesthesia or damage to the upper spinal cord?
Neurogenic
63
Which shock is due to sepsis, deep anesthesia or anaphylactic major dilation do you to a mass of affection.
Vasogenic
64
Which type of shock is caused by an allergic reaction?
Anaphylactic shock
65
Which type of shock is caused by a massive infection?
Septic shock
66
What are some preventions of shock?
Keep the patient warm and handle patients gently, reduce the pain, stress, and anxiety
67
What are some signs and symptoms of shock?
1) Restlessness
2) Apprehension or general anxiety
3) Tachycardia
4) .Decreasing blood pressure
5) Cold and clammy skin
6) Pallor
68
What type of diabetic crisis is caused by low blood sugar and where there is an excess of insulin present in the body?
Hypoglycemia
69
What are some symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Sweaty, shaky, nauseous, dizziness
70
Which diabetic crisis has caused by excessive amount of sugar and not enough insulin in the body?
Hyper glycemia
71
What are some symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Always thirsty, feels like you need to pee a lot, rapid and deep breathing, drowsiness
72
Which diabetic crisis can lead to a diabetic coma?
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia
73
Which type of respiratory issue is it when there’s an obstruction present That prevents a patient from speaking or being able to breathe?
Choking
74
Patient is vomiting why do you want to turn them on their side?
So they don’t aspirate their vomit
75
What does epistasis mean and how do you treat it?
Nose bleed
| Patient pinch and bend forward
76
What is vertigo?
Dizziness
77
What is syncope ?
Fainting
78
What is the difference between petit Mal and grand mal?
Petite mal- mild, patient could stare and it stop talking
Grand mal- severe, experience muscle contractions, body is shaking and will urinate themselves
79
What is a dehiscence wound?
When the patients sutures separates
80
What fracture is it when the bone protrudes through the skin?
Compound (open)
81
Which fracture does not break through the skin?
Closed/ simple
82
What is the colles fracture?
Fracture on the distal radius with posterior displacement of Distal fragment
83
How long do all fractures typically take to heal?
6-8 weeks
84
Low blood sugar, insulin shock, excessive insulin present symptoms are sweaty, shaky, nausea, dizziness
Hypoglycemia
85
What do you do if a patient is undergoing vertigo?
You elevate the feet and sit or leave the patient down with the level before the head
86
Which contrast media is radioLucent ( it can x-ray through), shows up black on the x-ray, is produced in the area of increased density of an image?
Negative contrast media
87
Which contrast media isRadiopaque (abbot x-Ray through), shows up white in image, produced in area of decreased density ?
Positive
88
What is the inherent poderbxomposed of crystals that goes into the GI tracer and must be mixed with water for suspension?
Barium sulfate
89
What is the “water soluble” iodine that has a high osmolality where:
1 particle= neg charge (anion)
1 particle= positive charge (cation)
“Ionic”
90
Which has a lower osmolality where more water it is now Soluble and has less allergic reactions?
“Non-ionic”
91
What needs to be discontinued for up to 48 hrs BEFORE & AFTER an iodine contest agent if you are on insulin ?
Morfornin or glucophage
92
In order, what is the order of patients that are seen on a day of fasting for an apt?
1) elderly/ debilitated patients
2) diabetics
3) children
4) adults
93
Name, action, methods of legal purchase...... are part of what?
Pharmacology
94
From pharmacology, what identifies the structure of the drug?
The name
95
Part of pharmacology, what identifies the drug family
| Ex) an anti inflammatory
Action
96
Part of pharmacology, what is the “legal” aspect used to identify?
If the medicine is “prescription” or “no -prescription”
97
What is the name of the granulated drug compressed into solid, hard disks and that is most used and can often be coated?
Tablet
98
Why could a tablet sometimes be coated?
So it doesn’t dissolve in the stomach quickly
99
What form of medication is a powder or liquid form contained in a gelatin shell and can dissolve quickly?
Capsule
100
Which form of drug can be inserted into the Rec turn, vagina, urethra and can be either :
Local= sm area
Systemic effect = “whole body”
Suppository
101
What are 3 classifications if drugs?
Analgesics
Antihistamines
Diuretics
102
Analgesics
Antihistamines
Diuretics
Which drug are pan relievers, nonopoids (non-narcotic) or opioids (narcotics) and can cause addiction!!
Analgesics
103
Analgesics
Antihistamines
Diuretics
Which drug can test allergic reactions or common cold and can be sedative and non-sedative
Ex) Benadryl (sedative) Claritin (non-sedative)
Antihistamines
104
Analgesics
Antihistamines
Diuretics
Which drug can have a high amount of urine excretion and has lasix?
Diuretics
105
What are the 5 principles ( 5 rights) of administration?
1) right Drug
2) right Amount/ dose
3) right Patient
4) right Time
5) right Route
106
Which for of administration is taken by swallowing and is the most common method?
Oral
107
Which form of administration is used under the tongue and gets into the body quicker?
Sublingual
108
Which form of administration is approved on the skin?
Topical
109
Which form of administration is injected or uses other routes EXCLUDING the GI tract?
(Must use needle, syringe and a container)
Parenteral
110
What form of parenteral is used into the muscle where most common sites are the deltoid, Vastus lateralis, and gluteus Maximus?
Intramuscular
111
Which form of parenteral is “under the skin” where the common sites are the anterior thigh, upper back, upper arm, and Lower abdomen?
Subcutaneous
112
Which form of parenteral is “into the vein” where the common sites are elbow, hand and foot?
Intravenous
113
What intravenous type that is injected slowest?
Single administration
114
Which type of intravenous is a fast injection (1-5 min)?
Intravenous bolus
115
What does bolus mean?
The amount of fluid injected
116
What type of intravenous had large amounts of fluid, typically drips (such as an IV), and is an “open” system (glass bottle) or “closed” system (plastic bag)
Infusion
117
What intravenous type is injected btw layers of the skin?
Intradermal
118
Which type of intravenous is injected into the artery?
Intra-arterial
119
Which type of intravenous is injected into the spinal cord?
Intrathecal
120
Which type of intravenous is into the lungs?
Inhalation
121
How many diff types of intravenous are there?
7
122
What 3 types of intravenous are injected?
Intradermal
Intra-arterial
Intrathecal
123
What is nosocomial infection?
Infection that is originated in the hospital
5% hospital patients get something in hospital that they originally didn’t come in for
124
What is the diff between medical and surgical asepsis?
Medical - REDUCTION in # of infections
| Surgical - ELIMINATES pathogens
125
What is the #1 area where disease is spread?
HANDS!!!!
126
What is the MOST IMPORTANT MEANS OF PREVENTING SOEAD OF INFECTION?!!!
(BOTH CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESS)
HANDWASHING!!!
127
What is the most common sterilization method used?
Heat
128
With a gage of 14, would the needle be bigger or smaller?
Bigger
129
With the gage of 28, would the meddle be bigger or smaller?
Smaller
