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Radiology sem 1 > Rad 100: Test LowerExtremity > Flashcards

Rad 100: Test LowerExtremity Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

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2
Q

Which two bones for the hindfoot?

A

Calcaneus and talus

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3
Q

What is the superior part of the foot called?

A

Dorsal ( dorsum)

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4
Q

How many phalanges are in the big toe?

A

2

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5
Q

What is the difference of the 5th metatarsal?

A

Contains a tuberosity

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6
Q

What kind of bones are the tarsal bones?

A

Short bones

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7
Q

What bone lies PROXIMAL to the cuneiforms?

A

Scaphoid (navicular)

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8
Q

What bone lies LATERAL to the medial (1st) cuneiform?

A

Intermediate (2nd)

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9
Q

What tarsal bone is the largest?

A

Calcaneus

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10
Q

Name the two arches of the foot

A

1) longitudinal arch

2) transverse arch

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11
Q

Where is the central ray located when x-raying the 2nd digit of the foot in the lateral projection?

A

2nd PIP joint

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12
Q

How many degrees is the central ray angled for dorsoplantar toes?

A

15 degrees towards heel

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13
Q

Which lateral is performed when x-raying the great toe?

A

Lateromedial

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14
Q

In the dorsoplantar foot, how many degrees can the tube be angled?

A

10 degrees towards heel

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15
Q

In an AP foot, where is the central ray located?

A

Base of the 3rd metatarsal

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16
Q

In a medial oblique of the foot, name two structures demonstrated

A

1) cuboid
2) calcaneus
3) 5th metatarsal tuberosity

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17
Q

How many degrees does the plantar surface form with the image receptor in a medial oblique foot?

A

30 degrees to plane of IR

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the weight bearing lateral foot

A

To see the longitudinal arch

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19
Q

In a lateral foot, what structure must be perpendicular to the image receptor?

A

Plantar surface of the forefoot

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20
Q

In the plantardorsal calcaneus, how many degrees and in which direction is the tube angled?

A

40 degrees towards long axis of foot

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21
Q

What joint must be demonstrated when x-raying the heel?

A

Subtalor joint

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22
Q

What is the flat, proximal surface of the tibia called?

A

Tibial Plateau

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23
Q

Which lower leg bone is lateral?

A

fibula

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24
Q

What is the name of the depression on the lateral distal tibia?

A

Fibular notch

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25
Q

What is another name for the tibial spines?

A

Intercondyloid emminences

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26
Q

What is the name of the large process located on the distal, medial tibia?

A

Medial malleolus

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27
Q

Where is the head of the fibula located?

A

Lateral, proximal of the bone

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28
Q

What is another name for the ankle joint?

A

Ankle mortise

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29
Q

In an AP ankle, why is it important to dorsiflex the foot?

A

Opens up the ankles joint spaces

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30
Q

Which oblique of the ankle will BEST demonstrate the ankle mortise?

A

Medial rotation (15-20 degrees)

31
Q

How many degrees is the foot rotated in a lateral oblique ankle?

A

45 degrees laterally

32
Q

What is the purpose of the stress studies of the ankle?

A

To verify ligament tears

33
Q

Where is the central ray located for a lateral ankle?

A

Perpendicular entering medial Malleolus

34
Q

What structures must be visualized on an AP lower leg?

A

1) Ankle and knee joints
2) tin/fib
3) soft tissue

35
Q

What is the position of the femoral condyles in a lateral lower leg?

A

Perpendicular (superimposed)

36
Q

Which oblique of the lower leg will BEST demonstrate the tibiofibular joints?

A

Medial oblique

37
Q

Which lateral is performed for a lower leg?

A

Mediolateral

38
Q

In an AP ankle, what is the central ray?

A

Perpendicular, midway between malleoli

39
Q

What are the structures shown in an AP ankle?

A

1) ankle joint in full (tibiotalar joint spaces)
2) medial and lateral malleoli
3) lower tib/fib

40
Q

What is the central ray for a lateral ankle view?

A

Perpendicular entering medial malleolus

41
Q

What structures will u see when viewing a lateral ankle projection?

A

1) lateral lower tibia/fibula
2) entire ankle joint
3) tarsals
4) must see 5th metatarsal and it’s tuberosity
5) entire calcaneus
6) the navicular (scaphoid) bone

42
Q

Which AP oblique view demonstrates the ankle mortise?

A

AP oblique MEDIAL rotation

43
Q

For the ankle mortise (AP oblique), the foot is rotated which way and how many degrees?

A

Rotates medially, with a 45 degree rotation

44
Q

Why do we do the ankle mortise (AP oblique) view? What’s the purpose?

A

It opens up the entire ankle joint spaces

45
Q

What is the purpose of stress studies of the ankle?

A

Helps verify any ligament tears by showing the widening of the joint spaces

46
Q

In an AP lower leg, how should the position of the ankle be?

A

Flexed 90 degrees

47
Q

Where is the central ray for the AP, LATERAL (mediolateral), and AP oblique (medial and lateral) view for lower leg be?

A

Perpendicular, centered mid shaft of the lower leg

48
Q

For the AP oblique (lateral oblique)… what are the structures shown?

A

Fibula superimposed by tibia

49
Q

In an AP oblique (medial rotation)…. what are the structures shown?

A

The distal and proximal tibiofibular joints open

50
Q

Is the tibia or fibula on the lateral aspect of the leg?

51
Q

Is the tibia or fibula on the medial aspect of the lower leg?

52
Q

Which of the tibia or fibula, the weightbearing bone?

53
Q

How many articulations or attachments are on the lower leg of the tibia and fibula? Name them

A

There are 2 articulations…
1) meet at the fibulae facet on the proximal end of the tibia. (Where the proximal fibula meets the tibia)

2) fibula notch in the distal end of the tibia
(Where the distal end of the fibula meets the tibia)

54
Q

What is the projection off the fibula head at the lateral and posterior aspect?

A

The fibular alex, or he fibular styli id process

55
Q

What are the 3 bones that form the ankle joint?

A

1) talus
2) tibia
3) fibula

56
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Hinge joint

57
Q

How many tarsals are there in the foot?

A

7 (in ankle)

58
Q

How many metatarsals are in the foot?

A

5 ( in the instep)

59
Q

How many phalanges are in the foot?

A

14 (the toes)

60
Q

What make up the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals and phalanges

61
Q

What makes up the midfoot?

A

Cuneiforms, navicular, and cuboid

62
Q

What makes up the hindfoot?

A

Talus(astragalus) and calcaneus (os calcis)

63
Q

Of the metatarsals, which is the shortest and thickest?

A

1st metatarsal

64
Q

Out of the metatarsals, which is he longest?

A

2nd metatarsal

65
Q

From the tarsals, which cuneiform is the largest?

A

Medial or 1st cuneiform

66
Q

From the tarsals, which cuneiform is the smallest?

A

Intermediate or the 2nd cuneiform

67
Q

What do the cuneiforms associate with?

A

The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd metatarsals

They lye distal go the navicular

68
Q

What is the strongest and largest tarsal bone?

69
Q

How many degrees does the calcaneus (os calcis) decline?

A

Has a 30 degrees curvature

70
Q

What tarsal bones are proximal to the navicular?

A

The talus and calcaneus

71
Q

What tarsals are distal to the navicular?

A

The cuneiforms

72
Q

Where is the longitudinal arch found?

A

On the planters surface of foot

73
Q

Where is the transverse arch found?

A

Across the metatarsals

1st - 5th

74
Q

For the ankle mortise view, what degrees should u rotate the leg and foot?

A

15-20 degrees until intermalleolar plans is parallel with the IR

Radiology sem 1 (8 decks)

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