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Cell Mol > Quizzes Review > Flashcards

Quizzes Review Flashcards

1
Q

About 25 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

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1
Q

An atom of potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19. This means it always has ______.

A

19 protons

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2
Q

Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________.

A

equal number of protons and electrons

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3
Q

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

A

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged ions.

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4
Q

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.

A

nonpolar covalent bonds

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5
Q

An atom that has 10 total electrons would be considered __________.

A

inert

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6
Q

full electrons shells and do not form chemical bonds

A

inert

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7
Q

don’t have full electron shells and form bonds

A

reactive

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8
Q

Which are compounds? H2O, CH4, O2

A

H2O and CH4

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9
Q

Which of the following describes an ion of chlorine: Cl- ? Anion or cation

A

An anion because it gained one electron.

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10
Q

A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.

A

outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals

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11
Q

If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the concentration of H+ ions ________.

A

is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix

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12
Q

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________.

A

polar covalent bonds

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13
Q

Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with ________.

A

compounds that have polar covalent bonds

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14
Q

Cause of a raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond

A

surface tension

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15
Q

A solution with a pH of 2 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pH of 4?

A

100 times more

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16
Q

Why does A lake heats up more slowly than the air around it.

A

bc water has a high specific heat

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17
Q

The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because ________.

A

the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus

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18
Q

Consider the following, which represents the structural formula for carbon dioxide.

  O=C=O

Each line in the covalent bonds connecting carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide represents ________.

A

a pair of shared electrons

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19
Q

The complexity and variety of organic molecules are due to ________.

A

chemical versatility of carbon atoms

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20
Q

In an ethane (C2H6) molecule, each carbon atom is bonded to ________ hydrogen atoms.

A

3

21
Q

Glucose, fructose and galactose are all simple sugars with the same chemical formula: C6H12O6. What kind of isomers are these?

A

structural isomers

22
Q

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________. (with water)

A

dissolve in water

23
Q

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

A

covalent

24
Q

Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the ________.

A

types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism

25
Q

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

A

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose

26
Q

What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic?

A

presence of nonpolar C-H bonds

27
Q

summarize the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

A

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.

28
Q

what is in the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

A

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

29
Q

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

A

The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.

30
Q

Polymers of glucose

A

Starch and cellulose

31
Q

Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they ________.

A

do not have a polar or charged region

32
Q

Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA?

A

The type of sugar

33
Q

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

A

chitin

34
Q

If you disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein, then what level of structure will be preserved?

A

primary

35
Q

What is NOT a component of an amino acid?

A

phosphate group

36
Q

The process by which a protein’s three-dimensional structure breaks down is referred to as _____.

A

denaturation

37
Q

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

A

R-group

38
Q

A tripeptide has ________.

A

three amino acids and two peptide bonds

39
Q

You have just sequenced a new protein found in mice and observe that sulfur-containing cysteine residues occur at regular intervals. What is the significance of this finding?

A

Cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bridges that help form tertiary structure.

40
Q

The relation between an amino acid and a polypeptide is similar to the relation between ________.

A

nucleotide and nucleic acid

41
Q

What is necessary to stipulate the 3-D shape of a protein?

A

the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

42
Q

In bacteria, DNA will be found in which of the following?

A

nucleoid

42
Q

Examination of a cell by electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

A

proteins

43
Q

What do both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells do with their genetic info?

A

store in DNA

44
Q

What domains of life are classified as prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

45
Q

What structure is common in both plant and animal cells?

A

mitochondria

46
Q

Major different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not

47
Q

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition?

A

lysosomes

48
Q

What makes rough endoplasmic reticulum rough?

A

covered with ribosomes

Cell Mol (10 decks)

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