Chapter 2.3- Carbon & Molecular Diversity Flashcards
What is life all based on?
Carbon
What are molecules that contain carbon called?
organic molecules
What is a chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule called?
carbon skeletons
What are most organic molecules skeletons made of?
carbon chains
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
4
What is an organic molecule that consists ONLY of carbon and hydrogens
hydrocarbon
What energy level do hydrocarbons have?
They have high energy bonds because of the C-H covalent bond
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
isomers
Types of isomers
-Structural (Constitutive) Isomers
-Configurational Isomers
2 or more organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structure
Structural isomers
Different in the locations of C=C
structural isomers
What are the isomers that have the same connectivity in the atoms but different 3-D arrangement
Configurational Isomers
Types of configurational isomers
-Geometric Isomers
-Optical Isomers (Enantiomers)
What differs in arrangement groups ACROSS C=C
geometric isomers
Cis Isomer
Two X are on the same side
Trans Isomer
Two X are on the opposite side
What are the molecules shape?
usually not flat and superimposable (can be placed on top of another)
Molecules are non-superimposable, mirror-image isomers
Optical Isomers (Enantiomers)
How do enantiomers differ?
Differ in the orientation of atoms around an asymmetric carbon
How many covalent bonds can asymmetric carbons form?
They can form 4 different structural groups
What is non polar, important for the modification of proteins and nucleotides?
Methyl
What is polar, involved in hydrogen bonds, participates in condensation reactions, and required for phosphorylation of proteins
hydroxyl
What is polar, very reactive, and important in energy-releasing reactions
Carbonyl aldehyde
Polar, important in carbohydrates and in energy reactions
Keto/Ketones
