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Cell Mol > Chapter 2.3- Carbon & Molecular Diversity > Flashcards

Chapter 2.3- Carbon & Molecular Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is life all based on?

A

Carbon

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2
Q

What are molecules that contain carbon called?

A

organic molecules

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3
Q

What is a chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule called?

A

carbon skeletons

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4
Q

What are most organic molecules skeletons made of?

A

carbon chains

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5
Q

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

A

4

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6
Q

What is an organic molecule that consists ONLY of carbon and hydrogens

A

hydrocarbon

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7
Q

What energy level do hydrocarbons have?

A

They have high energy bonds because of the C-H covalent bond

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8
Q

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

A

isomers

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9
Q

Types of isomers

A

-Structural (Constitutive) Isomers
-Configurational Isomers

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10
Q

2 or more organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structure

A

Structural isomers

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11
Q

Different in the locations of C=C

A

structural isomers

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12
Q

What are the isomers that have the same connectivity in the atoms but different 3-D arrangement

A

Configurational Isomers

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13
Q

Types of configurational isomers

A

-Geometric Isomers
-Optical Isomers (Enantiomers)

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14
Q

What differs in arrangement groups ACROSS C=C

A

geometric isomers

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15
Q

Cis Isomer

A

Two X are on the same side

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16
Q

Trans Isomer

A

Two X are on the opposite side

17
Q

What are the molecules shape?

A

usually not flat and superimposable (can be placed on top of another)

18
Q

Molecules are non-superimposable, mirror-image isomers

A

Optical Isomers (Enantiomers)

19
Q

How do enantiomers differ?

A

Differ in the orientation of atoms around an asymmetric carbon

20
Q

How many covalent bonds can asymmetric carbons form?

A

They can form 4 different structural groups

21
Q

What is non polar, important for the modification of proteins and nucleotides?

A

Methyl

22
Q

What is polar, involved in hydrogen bonds, participates in condensation reactions, and required for phosphorylation of proteins

A

hydroxyl

23
Q

What is polar, very reactive, and important in energy-releasing reactions

A

Carbonyl aldehyde

24
Q

Polar, important in carbohydrates and in energy reactions

A

Keto/Ketones

25
Q

Polar, can form disulfide bridges to stabilize protein structures

A

Sulfhydryl

26
Q

Charged, acidic, reacts with amino groups to form peptide bonds

A

carboxyl

27
Q

Charged, basic, reacts to carboxyl group to form peptide bond

A

amino

28
Q

Charged, acidic, enters into condensation reactions, when bonded to another phosphate, hydrolysis is strongly exergonic

A

phosphate

Cell Mol (10 decks)

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