Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Mol > Chapter 3- Macromolecules (I) > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Macromolecules (I) Flashcards

1
Q

Highly polar molecules with common structures, provides energy, and structural support

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

primarily hydrophobic, provides insulation, and long-term energy storage to cells

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four basic types of larger molecules for life?

A

-Carbohydrates
-Lipids
-Nucleic Acids
-Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Macromolecules

A

large molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can form huge molecules?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are macromolecules built from?

A

monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are monomers built from

A

built from smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A chain of covalently attached monomers

A

polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polymer Synthesis (Assembly)

A

One H2O is released for every added monomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polymer Breakdown (Disassembly)

A

One h2O is added for every monomer removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do carbohydrates contain?

A

C, H, and O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are carbohydrates necessary for?

A

-Provides energy for cells
-Provides structure for cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basic unit or monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two monosaccharides join together through glycosidic bond

A

disaccharide (dimer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Monosaccharide

A

one sugar molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ogliosaccharide

A

3-10 monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Polysaccharide

A

> 10 monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Polarity of Carbohydrates

A

polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Solubility of carbohydrates

A

very soluble in aqueous solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

alpha

A

below

22
Q

beta

A

above

23
Q

what are the ring-form glucose forms

A

alpha (a) and beta (B) glucose

24
Q

Function of polysaccharides

A

-Store energy (a polymers)
-Structure (B polymers)

25
Q

What are the energy-storage polysaccharides in plants?

A

Starch

26
Q

What is starch?

A

-polymer of a-glucose
-compact helical structure

27
Q

What are the energy-storage polysaccharides in animals?

A

Glycogen

28
Q

-Polymer of a-glucose
-Stored in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle

A

Glycogen

29
Q

Since our cells can’t take in big molecules like disaccharides and polysaccharides, what breaks it down to their monomers?

A

hydrolysis

30
Q

How does hydrolysis work?

A

bonds between two sugar monomers that need to be broken using water

31
Q

What are the polymers of B-form monosaccharides?

A

-Cellulose
-Peptidoglycans
-Chitin

32
Q

What is the plant cell wall?

A

cellulose

33
Q

What is the bacterial cell wall?

A

Peptidoglycan

34
Q

What is the fungal cell wall, insect exoskeleton, and crab shells?

A

chitin

35
Q

What is the most abundant organic molecule on Earth?

A

cellulose

36
Q

What is the principal component of plant cell walls?

A

Cellulose

37
Q

What do both cellulose and starch consist of?

A

strings of thousands or million glucose molecules

38
Q

Naturally occurring molecules from either plant or animal that is considered non polar because they contain non polar, hydrophobic functional groups

A

lipids

39
Q

What atoms do lipids mostly contain?

A

-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen

40
Q

Functions of lipids?

A

-Long-term energy and insulation
Forming cellular membranes
-Regulation of growth/development
-Protection and water-saving

41
Q

What are fats?

A

-Glycerol (3-carbon polyalcohol)
-One or more fatty acids

42
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

no C=C

43
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acid

A

One C=C

44
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

More than one C=C

45
Q

Presence of C=C affects the close packaging of fatty acyl tails

A

Triglycerides

46
Q

-Usually saturated fatty acids
-Fatty acid tails tightly packed
-Solid at room temp
-Fats

A

Animal lipids

47
Q

-Usually unsaturated fatty acids
-Fatty acid tails loosely packed
-Liquid at room temp
-Oils

A

Plant lipids

48
Q

-Major component of all bio membranes
-Spontaneously self-assemble into bilayer in an aqueous environment

A

phospholipids

49
Q

Common steroids

A

-Sex hormones
-Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
-Mineral corticoids (aldosterone)

50
Q

-Strongly hydrophobic and can repel water
-Solid at room temp due to high melting point
-Provides a protective layer
-Prevent water loss in plants
-Guards our our drums from dust, dirt, insects

A

Waxes

Cell Mol (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions