Chapter 3.2- Macromolecules (II)

Question 1

• Macromolecules specialized in storing genetic information
  -Play a role in the direction of the production of proteins and inheritance of an individual
  -Linear unbranched polymers of nucleotides

Answer 1

nucleic acids

Question 2

2 main types of nucleic acids

Answer 2

-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
-Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 3

What are the nucleotides of nucleic acids made of?

Answer 3

-5 carbon sugar
-Phosphate group
-Nitrogenous base

Question 4

-Contains 5-carbon sugar -deoxyribose
-One less oxygen than RNA sugar ribose
-Forms backbone with phosphate group

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

Types of nitrogenous bases of DNA

Answer 5

-Adenine
-Guanine
-Cytosine
-Thymine

Question 6

DNA- A always pairs with?

Answer 6

T

Question 7

DNA- G always pairs with

Answer 7

C

Question 8

What are bases held together by?

Answer 8

hydrogen bonds

Question 9

-Contains ribose sugar with one extra oxygen tom
-Single-stranded with only one backbone, not two

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

Nitrogenous bases of RNA

Answer 10

-Adenine
-Guanine
-Cytosine
-Uracil

Question 11

Which replaces Thymine with Uracil

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

-Acts as a middleman to convert DNA into specific protein

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

What makes up 50% of the dry mass of the cell?

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

Functions of Proteins

Answer 14

-Catalysis
-Structure
-Communication
-Transport
-Motility
-Defense
-Recognition
-Regulation

Question 15

Proteins are unbranched polymers of?

Answer 15

amino acids

Question 16

All 20 amino acids have identical

Answer 16

backbone structure

Question 17

The difference in amino acids are determined by

Answer 17

R- group

Question 18

linear sequence of covalently bonded amino acids

Answer 18

polypeptide

Question 19

one or more polypeptides folded into a functional 3D conformation

Answer 19

protein

Question 20

Levels of Protein Structure

Answer 20

-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary
-Quaternary

Question 21

Two cysteine residues come close together to form

Answer 21

Disulfide Bond (bridge)

Question 22

What environmental conditions affect protein shape?

Answer 22

-Temp
-Ionic Strength
-pH

Question 23

What can misfolded proteins cause?
(due to mutations or disruptions of normal folding processes)

Answer 23

clinical diseases

Question 24

Why is glu to val change significant?

Answer 24

-nonconservative amino acid change
-changes overall protein structure