Quiz3 Flashcards
1
Q
what are GABA and glutamate
A
- amino acids/ neurotransmitters that act all over the brain and nervous system
- likely the first developed or the first that evolved
2
Q
what is the difference between GABA and glutamate
A
GABA is inhibitory
glutamate is excitatory (linked to epilepsy)
3
Q
what is the cholinergic pathway
A
- main neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (its disfunction implicated in Alzheimers, attention and circadian rhythm)
- located in the basal forebrain projecting into the pons
4
Q
what is the dopaminergic pathway
A
three different subsystems
1) nigrostriatial: movement/motor control
2) mesolimbic: reward
3) mesocortical: working memory/ planning
main neurotransmitter is dopamine
5
Q
what is the noradrenergic pathway
A
- main neurotransmitter is noradrenaline
- deals with arousal, sympathetic nervous system
- located in locus coeruleus and hypothalamus
6
Q
what is the serotonergic pathway
A
- main neurotransmitter is serotonin
- basic needs: mood, appetite, sexual behavior
- located in raphe nuclei
7
Q
what can cognitive neuroscience methods accomplish
A
- learning brain structure
- learning where brain functioning is
- learning when processes occur
- learning how brain regions are connected/work together
- learn consequences of brain damage and how brain adapts
8
Q
what are the categories of cognitive neuroscience methods
A
- anatomical imaging
- recording blood flow
- recording electrical activity
- observing behavior following lesion/disruption
- computational modeling of processes
9
Q
what is anatomical imaging
A
assess brain structure/anatomy; is used in diagnosing disease and understanding individual and group anatomy
10
Q
what is CAT
A
- computerized axial tomography
- x-rays that provide images of tissue based on density of tissue
- can determine age of legion (recent=bright, older=dark)
- can be used on all patients and is inexpensive compared to everything else
11
Q
what is MRI
A
- magnetic resonance imaging
- uses magnetic fields to distort behaviors of protons
- gives detailed picture of brain
- great for distinguishing gray and white matter
12
Q
why is MRI better than CAT
A
- does not use ionizing radiation
- better spatial resolution (ex. folds of gyri)
- better discrimination between white and grey matter
- adapted for use in fMRI
