quiz 13

Question 1

what is Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 1

• trouble with speaking and repeating
• good comprehension except for passive voice and similar construction and grammatically complex
• damage to Broca’s area in left hemisphere
• trouble with writing as well

Question 2

what is Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 2

• trouble with speech comprehension and fluent speech output
• can speak fluently, but with made up words/ jumble of words
• damage to temporal lobe where wernicke’s area is located

Question 3

what is conduction aphasia

Answer 3

• intact comprehension without the ability to fix what you said or repair errors
• cannot repeat what was just said, but can speak normally spontaneously
• caused by missing connection between intact Broca’s and Werncike’s areas

Question 4

what are some other disconnection syndromes

Answer 4

transcortical motor aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia

Question 5

what is transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 5

• symptoms of Broca’s aphasia, but intact ability to repeat what was just said
• disconnection between Broca’s area and semantic locations

Question 6

what is transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 6

• symptoms of wernicke’s aphasia, but intact ability to repeat what was just said
• disconnection between semantic locations and Wercicke’s area

Question 7

what is Lichtheim’s classic model and draw on paper

Answer 7

model of language that describes how different areas of the brain process different parts of language in different ways

Question 8

what is phonology

Answer 8

the rules regarding language sounds

Question 9

what is a phoneme

Answer 9

speech sound of a word

Question 10

what is a phonetic representation

Answer 10

speech sound used in context (ex “p” in spill vs “p” in pill)

Question 11

explain phonemes and phonetic representations in Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasias

Answer 11

Brocas: uses correct phoneme and wrong phonetic representation (uses right word but says them wrong)

Wernicke’s: uses wrong phoneme, but correct phonetic representation (says words right, but wrong word)

Question 12

what is syntax

Answer 12

• grammar rules of how words go together
• damage to anterior language regions (Broca’s area), producing agrammatic aphasia (inability to comprehend or produce correct grammar)

Question 13

what is semantics

Answer 13

• meaning of words

- damage to posterior areas causes an inability to comprehend, this extends to written language (Wernicke’s area)

Question 14

explain the anterior vs posterior areas chart

Answer 14

Lichtheim’s model: Broca’s- speech output and Wernicke’s- speech comprehension

Psycholinguistic perspective: Broca’s- syntax and Wernicke’s- semantics

probably a combination of the two

Question 15

fMRI double dissociation for speech/comprehension

Answer 15

• Wernicke’s area more active when hearing words v. non-words (no effect in Broca’s area)
• Broca’s area more active when speaking words v. listening to them (no effect on Wernicke’s area)

Question 16

fMRI double dissociation for syntax v. semantics

Answer 16

• Broca’s area (not Wernicke’s) more active for grammatically complex than grammatically simple sentences
• Wernicke’s area (not Broca’s) more active for making decisions about meanings of words than for surface features of words (spelling)

Question 17

ERP double dissociation for syntax v. semantics

Answer 17

N = negative P= positive (change in brain activity)
-N400 (time after stimulus) elicited by semantic error: “he spread the warm bread with socks”; N400 strongest in posterior

-P600 elicited by syntactic error “the spoiled child throw the toys on the floor”