Quiz Six Ch 19, 23, & 25

Question 1

A metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass leading to bone fragility and consequently an increase in risk of fracture is known as ________.

Answer 1

Osteoporosis

Question 2

Individuals with a bone density below normal but not as low as diagnose of osteoporosis have _________.

Answer 2

Osteopenia

Question 3

Impaired mineralization (softer bones) caused by Calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms are fractures that occur without apparent injury as in fragility fractures is _______

Answer 3

Osteomalacia

Question 4

A fracture caused by a force less than or equal to that of a fall from standing height (also known as non-traumatic fracture) is a _______.

Answer 4

Fragility fracture

Question 5

________ is found in the shafrs of the long bones and compromises 80% of the skeleton.

Answer 5

Cortical bone

Question 6

The type of bone that is founds in the knobby ends of the long bones, the iliac crest of the pelvis, the wrists, scapulas, vertebrae and regions of the bone that line the marrow is known as ________

Answer 6

Trabecular bone

Question 7

Which bone is more responsive to estrogens, or lack of estrogens, than cortical bone?

Answer 7

Trabecular bone

Question 8

The measurement of the density of bone is _______

Answer 8

BMD Bone Mineral Density

Question 9

What is the average bone density of the U.S. population of premenopausal females?

Answer 9

T-score of 0

Question 10

Bone is a _______

Answer 10

Dynamic tissue

Question 11

Bone formation and bone resorption are processes that are known to be “__________”

Answer 11

Coupled

Question 12

During what stage of life does bone formation outpace bone resorption resulting in a net bone gain until a peak bone mass between ages of 20-30 years.

Answer 12

Childhood and adolescence

Question 13

During what time in a women’s life does bone resorption outpace bone formation?

Answer 13

Menopause and the 5 years following

Question 14

During what ages in a mans life does bone resorption outpace bone formation?

Answer 14

40-50 yoa

Question 15

What is the best Calcium supplement?

Answer 15

The only Calcium supplement they will take!

Question 16

The RDA for infants from 7-12 months is _______

Answer 16

270mg/day

Question 17

The RDA for children from 1-10y/o is _______

Answer 17

800mg/day

Question 18

The RDA for Children and adults from 10-50 y/o

Answer 18

is 1000mg/day

Question 19

The RDA for adults 51y/o+ or women pregnant/lactating is ______

Answer 19

1200mg/day

Question 20

The RDA of males and females from 9-15 y/o is _______

Answer 20

1300mg/day

Question 21

The new recommendation for Vitamin D is _________ IU per day

Answer 21

800-1000 IU/day

Question 22

Sun exposure may not be enough to reach RDA of ______

Answer 22

Vitamin D

Question 23

Cholecalciferol aka

Answer 23

Vitamin D3

Question 24

Ergocalciferol aka

Answer 24

Vitamin D2

Question 25

What type of Vitamin D is potent and only taken by prescription only typically by renal patients?

Answer 25

1,25-OH dihydroxybitamin D

Question 26

Total 25-OH hyfroxyvitamin D include ________

Answer 26

Vitamin D3 & Vitamin D2

Question 27

<20 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

Answer 27

Deficiency

Question 28

21-29 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

Answer 28

Insufficiency

Question 29

>30 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

Answer 29

Adequate

Question 30

>150 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

Answer 30

Intoxication

Question 31

Which Vitamin D provides direct benefit to bone cells, improves muscle strength, regulates the immune system, and prevents Breast, Prostate, Colon Cancers?

Answer 31

Cholecalciferol aka Vitamin D3

Question 32

Lack of Vitamin _____ will cause an increase in the parathyroid hormone and a subsequent increase in risk of fractures in the elderly

Answer 32

Vitamin D

Question 33

________ can be diagnosed by one of 2 ways. These are 1.Documenting a typical osteoporotic fracture or 2.Low bone density measurement

Answer 33

osteoporosis

Question 34

Units of standard deviation is how to measure a ______

Answer 34

T-score

Question 35

A t-score of +1 to -1 is considered a ______

Answer 35

Normal BMD

Question 36

A t-score of -1 to -2.5 is considered ______

Answer 36

Osteopenia

Question 37

A t-score < -2.5 is considered _______

Answer 37

Osteoporosis

Question 38

Not associated with another medical condition or medication is __________

Answer 38

Primary

Question 39

Caused by another medical condition or use of medication is ________

Answer 39

Secondary

Question 40

``` Age Female Caucasian/Asian Family History Chronic Disease Hormone deficiency Environmental Calcium Deficiency Vitamin D deficiency Physical activity Alcohol ```

Answer 40

Are all Risk factors of osteoporosis

Question 41

``` Anorexia nervosa Female athlete triad Malabsorption Vitamin D deficiency Calcium Deficiency ```

Answer 41

are conditions relevant to secondary osteoporosis

Question 42

Postmenopausal and age are conditions relevant to _______

Answer 42

primary osteoporosis

Question 43

Avoiding tobacco use and excessive alcohol intake are ________ encouraged to prevent osteoporosis

Answer 43

Habits

Question 44

Adequate calcium, vitmanin D, protein, and caloric intake is ________ to prevent osteoporosis

Answer 44

Nutrition

Question 45

Complete inactivity results in rapid bone loss of ______% per year

Answer 45

40%

Question 46

Removing throw rugs and electric cords from walkways Installing handles and or seats in the shower and using adequate lighting including night lights

Answer 46

are ways to prevent falling for the elderly

Question 47

How many americans have osteoporosis?

Answer 47

10 million

Question 48

How many americans have low bone mass?

Answer 48

18 million

Question 49

kids aged between 13-15 are considered _______

Answer 49

Early adolescence

Question 50

Kids ages between 15-17 are considered _______

Answer 50

Middle adolescence

Question 51

kids ages between 18-21 are considered _______

Answer 51

Late adolescence

Question 52

What is another name for sexual maturity rating?

Answer 52

Tanner stage

Question 53

Preoccupation with body size, shape and boy image is _______

Answer 53

growth velocity

Question 54

``` Physiologic changes Puberty Sexual maturity rating Growth velocity Development of values and beliefs Independence and autonomy are all aspects that make up ________ ```

Answer 54

Adolescence

Question 55

Irregular meals Excessive snacking Eating away from home (fast foods) Dieting and meal skipping

Answer 55

Food Habits

Question 56

``` Decreasing Influence of family Increasing influence of peers Increasing media exposure Increasing prevalence of employment outside of home, Greater discretionary spending capacity, and increasing responsibilities ```

Answer 56

Factors that influence these changes in food habits

Question 57

BMI < 5th % should be referred for evaluation for metabolic disorders, chronic health conditions, or eating disorders because its considered ________

Answer 57

Underweight

Question 58

BMI >5th% and <85th% are considered _________

Answer 58

Normal Weight

Question 59

BMI >85th% but <95th% are considered at risk for _______

Answer 59

Overweight

Question 60

BMI >95th% is considered ________

Answer 60

Overweight

Question 61

``` Teen pregnancy Puberty changes Tanner guide to sexual maturation Menarche and sexual maturation ```

Answer 61

Are Physiological Changes

Question 62

Excessive body weight among females associated with both earlier onset of puberty as well as earlier menses is known as ___________

Answer 62

Menarche

Question 63

The DRI for Iron increases for females from 8mg/day to _____mg/day after menses.

Answer 63

15mg/day

Question 64

The DRI for iron increases for males from 8mg/day to _____mg/day to support growth spurt

Answer 64

11mg/day

Question 65

Substance abuse affects __________ nutrition

Answer 65

adolescents

Question 66

Adolescents at or above 95th% are at risk for ________

Answer 66

hypertension

Question 67

__________ teens have elevated blood cholesterol.

Answer 67

one in four

Question 68

Total ________ for adolescents is acceptable between <200 mg/dl.

Answer 68

cholesterol

Question 69

For patients 8 yrs and older with LDL concentrations >190 mg/dl or >160 mg/dl with family Hx, or >130 mg/dl with diabetes _______

Answer 69

Pharmacologic intervention should be considered

Question 70

______% of children with a chronic condition or disability have nutrition risk factors that warrant a referral to a dietitian.

Answer 70

40%

Question 71

Children with _________ or inflammatory bowel disease require high protein and calorie levels.

Answer 71

cystic fibrosis

Question 72

What is thought to only be appropriate for teens when BMI >40 kg/m2?

Answer 72

Bariatric Surgery

Question 73

What is the third most common chronic illness in adolescent females?

Answer 73

eating disorders

Question 74

What is an obsession with healthy or righteous eating?

Answer 74

Orthorexia

Question 75

What is primarily characterized by an ongoing, persistent pattern of late-night binge eating?

Answer 75

Night Eating Syndrome

Question 76

Eating disorders are classified as a ________

Answer 76

Mental Illness

Question 77

Major depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder are often accompanied with _________

Answer 77

eating disorders

Question 78

Anorexia nervosa | bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating make up ________

Answer 78

eating disorders

Question 79

What is the RDA of fat?

Answer 79

20-35%