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Intro To Clinical > Quiz Six Ch 19, 23, & 25 > Flashcards

Quiz Six Ch 19, 23, & 25 Flashcards

1
Q

A metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass leading to bone fragility and consequently an increase in risk of fracture is known as ________.

A

Osteoporosis

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2
Q

Individuals with a bone density below normal but not as low as diagnose of osteoporosis have _________.

A

Osteopenia

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3
Q

Impaired mineralization (softer bones) caused by Calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms are fractures that occur without apparent injury as in fragility fractures is _______

A

Osteomalacia

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4
Q

A fracture caused by a force less than or equal to that of a fall from standing height (also known as non-traumatic fracture) is a _______.

A

Fragility fracture

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5
Q

________ is found in the shafrs of the long bones and compromises 80% of the skeleton.

A

Cortical bone

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6
Q

The type of bone that is founds in the knobby ends of the long bones, the iliac crest of the pelvis, the wrists, scapulas, vertebrae and regions of the bone that line the marrow is known as ________

A

Trabecular bone

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7
Q

Which bone is more responsive to estrogens, or lack of estrogens, than cortical bone?

A

Trabecular bone

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8
Q

The measurement of the density of bone is _______

A

BMD Bone Mineral Density

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9
Q

What is the average bone density of the U.S. population of premenopausal females?

A

T-score of 0

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10
Q

Bone is a _______

A

Dynamic tissue

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11
Q

Bone formation and bone resorption are processes that are known to be “__________”

A

Coupled

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12
Q

During what stage of life does bone formation outpace bone resorption resulting in a net bone gain until a peak bone mass between ages of 20-30 years.

A

Childhood and adolescence

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13
Q

During what time in a women’s life does bone resorption outpace bone formation?

A

Menopause and the 5 years following

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14
Q

During what ages in a mans life does bone resorption outpace bone formation?

A

40-50 yoa

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15
Q

What is the best Calcium supplement?

A

The only Calcium supplement they will take!

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16
Q

The RDA for infants from 7-12 months is _______

A

270mg/day

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17
Q

The RDA for children from 1-10y/o is _______

A

800mg/day

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18
Q

The RDA for Children and adults from 10-50 y/o

A

is 1000mg/day

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19
Q

The RDA for adults 51y/o+ or women pregnant/lactating is ______

A

1200mg/day

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20
Q

The RDA of males and females from 9-15 y/o is _______

A

1300mg/day

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21
Q

The new recommendation for Vitamin D is _________ IU per day

A

800-1000 IU/day

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22
Q

Sun exposure may not be enough to reach RDA of ______

A

Vitamin D

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23
Q

Cholecalciferol aka

A

Vitamin D3

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24
Q

Ergocalciferol aka

A

Vitamin D2

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25
Q

What type of Vitamin D is potent and only taken by prescription only typically by renal patients?

A

1,25-OH dihydroxybitamin D

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26
Q

Total 25-OH hyfroxyvitamin D include ________

A

Vitamin D3 & Vitamin D2

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27
Q

<20 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

A

Deficiency

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28
Q

21-29 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

A

Insufficiency

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29
Q

> 30 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

A

Adequate

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30
Q

> 150 ng per milliliter of Vitamin D in the blood is thought to be _________

A

Intoxication

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31
Q

Which Vitamin D provides direct benefit to bone cells, improves muscle strength, regulates the immune system, and prevents Breast, Prostate, Colon Cancers?

A

Cholecalciferol aka Vitamin D3

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32
Q

Lack of Vitamin _____ will cause an increase in the parathyroid hormone and a subsequent increase in risk of fractures in the elderly

A

Vitamin D

33
Q

________ can be diagnosed by one of 2 ways. These are
1.Documenting a typical osteoporotic fracture
or
2.Low bone density measurement

A

osteoporosis

34
Q

Units of standard deviation is how to measure a ______

A

T-score

35
Q

A t-score of +1 to -1 is considered a ______

A

Normal BMD

36
Q

A t-score of -1 to -2.5 is considered ______

A

Osteopenia

37
Q

A t-score < -2.5 is considered _______

A

Osteoporosis

38
Q

Not associated with another medical condition or medication is __________

A

Primary

39
Q

Caused by another medical condition or use of medication is ________

A

Secondary

40
Q 
Age
Female
Caucasian/Asian
Family History
Chronic Disease
Hormone deficiency
Environmental
Calcium Deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency
Physical activity
Alcohol
A

Are all Risk factors of osteoporosis

41
Q 
Anorexia nervosa
Female athlete triad
Malabsorption
Vitamin D deficiency
Calcium Deficiency
A

are conditions relevant to secondary osteoporosis

42
Q

Postmenopausal and age are conditions relevant to _______

A

primary osteoporosis

43
Q

Avoiding tobacco use and excessive alcohol intake are ________ encouraged to prevent osteoporosis

A

Habits

44
Q

Adequate calcium, vitmanin D, protein, and caloric intake is ________ to prevent osteoporosis

A

Nutrition

45
Q

Complete inactivity results in rapid bone loss of ______% per year

A

40%

46
Q

Removing throw rugs and electric cords from walkways
Installing handles and or seats in the shower
and
using adequate lighting including night lights

A

are ways to prevent falling for the elderly

47
Q

How many americans have osteoporosis?

A

10 million

48
Q

How many americans have low bone mass?

A

18 million

49
Q

kids aged between 13-15 are considered _______

A

Early adolescence

50
Q

Kids ages between 15-17 are considered _______

A

Middle adolescence

51
Q

kids ages between 18-21 are considered _______

A

Late adolescence

52
Q

What is another name for sexual maturity rating?

A

Tanner stage

53
Q

Preoccupation with body size, shape and boy image is _______

A

growth velocity

54
Q 
Physiologic changes
Puberty
Sexual maturity rating
Growth velocity
Development of values and beliefs
Independence and autonomy 
are all aspects that make up \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Adolescence

55
Q

Irregular meals
Excessive snacking
Eating away from home (fast foods)
Dieting and meal skipping

A

Food Habits

56
Q 
Decreasing Influence of family
Increasing influence of peers
Increasing media exposure 
Increasing prevalence of employment outside of home,
Greater discretionary spending capacity,
and increasing responsibilities
A

Factors that influence these changes in food habits

57
Q

BMI < 5th % should be referred for evaluation for metabolic disorders, chronic health conditions, or eating disorders because its considered ________

A

Underweight

58
Q

BMI >5th% and <85th% are considered _________

A

Normal Weight

59
Q

BMI >85th% but <95th% are considered at risk for _______

A

Overweight

60
Q

BMI >95th% is considered ________

A

Overweight

61
Q 
Teen pregnancy
Puberty changes
Tanner guide to sexual maturation
Menarche
and sexual maturation
A

Are Physiological Changes

62
Q

Excessive body weight among females associated with both earlier onset of puberty as well as earlier menses is known as ___________

A

Menarche

63
Q

The DRI for Iron increases for females from 8mg/day to _____mg/day after menses.

A

15mg/day

64
Q

The DRI for iron increases for males from 8mg/day to _____mg/day to support growth spurt

A

11mg/day

65
Q

Substance abuse affects __________ nutrition

A

adolescents

66
Q

Adolescents at or above 95th% are at risk for ________

A

hypertension

67
Q

__________ teens have elevated blood cholesterol.

A

one in four

68
Q

Total ________ for adolescents is acceptable between <200 mg/dl.

A

cholesterol

69
Q

For patients 8 yrs and older with LDL concentrations >190 mg/dl or >160 mg/dl with family Hx, or >130 mg/dl with diabetes _______

A

Pharmacologic intervention should be considered

70
Q

______% of children with a chronic condition or disability have nutrition risk factors that warrant a referral to a dietitian.

A

40%

71
Q

Children with _________ or inflammatory bowel disease require high protein and calorie levels.

A

cystic fibrosis

72
Q

What is thought to only be appropriate for teens when BMI >40 kg/m2?

A

Bariatric Surgery

73
Q

What is the third most common chronic illness in adolescent females?

A

eating disorders

74
Q

What is an obsession with healthy or righteous eating?

A

Orthorexia

75
Q

What is primarily characterized by an ongoing, persistent pattern of late-night binge eating?

A

Night Eating Syndrome

76
Q

Eating disorders are classified as a ________

A

Mental Illness

77
Q

Major depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder are often accompanied with _________

A

eating disorders

78
Q

Anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating make up ________

A

eating disorders

79
Q

What is the RDA of fat?

A

20-35%

Intro To Clinical (8 decks)

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