FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional Requirements of Pregnancy:

+10calories/week during the

A

1st Trimester

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2
Q

Nutritional Requirements of Pregnancy:

+340 calories during the

A

2nd Trimester

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3
Q

Nutritional Requirements of Pregnancy:

+425 calories during the

A

3rd Trimester

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4
Q

Nutritional Requirements During Lactating:

+330 calories during the

A

First 6 months

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5
Q

Nutritional Requirements During Lactating:

+400 calories during the

A

Second 6 months

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6
Q

Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy & Lactating:

71g of

A

Protein

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7
Q

To avoid neural tube defects it is advised to take ________ supplements perception.

A

Folate Supplements

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8
Q

Magenisum, calcium, V D and V B6 supplements help decrease symptoms of women from

A

PMS

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9
Q

Increased risk of pregnancy is common in _____ women.

A

Obese

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10
Q

Use of coffee, alcohol, drugs, and exposure to environmental toxins will have

A

detrimental effects

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11
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Day 1 :

A

Conception

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12
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Embryo implants into the uterine wall on day

A

Day 10

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13
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Week four the embryo is

A

1/4 inch long

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14
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Week 9 the embryo has a pancreas and is now considered a

A

Fetus

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15
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Month 3 the fetus weighs

A

6 oz

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16
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Month 6 the fetus is how long?

A

14 inches long

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17
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Month 7 the fetus gains how many oz/day?

A

1/2-1 oz/day

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18
Q

The Stages of Pregnancy:

Month 8 & 9 the fetus gains about

A

1 oz a day

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19
Q

Maternal Weight Gain:

25-35lbs should be gained by a _____weight female

A

normal weight female

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20
Q

Maternal Weight Gain:

28-40lbs should be gained by a _______ weight female

A

Under weight female

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21
Q

Maternal Weight Gain:

15-25lbs should be gained by a _______ weight female

A

Over weight female

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22
Q

Maternal Weight Gain:

11-20lbs should be gained by a _____ female

A

Obese females

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23
Q

Maternal Weight Gain:

28-40lbs should be gained by _______ females

A

adolescent females

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24
Q

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

aka

A

Low Birth Weight

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25
Q

Problem Nutrients During Pregnancy:

RDA for Folate is ______mcg + ____mcg from fortified foods

A

400mcg + 200 mcg

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26
Q

Problem Nutrients During Pregnancy:

RDA for Ferrous Sulfate is 30 mg during the ________trimesters and should be taken without milk, coffee, or tea

A

2nd & 3rd Trimesters

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27
Q

Full term infants have an average gestation of _______ weeks

A

37-42 weeks

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28
Q

The key hormone that develops placenta after implantation is

A

Progesterone

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29
Q

Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) Full term infants weigh 2500-4000 grams or ____ lbs

A

5.5-8.8lbs

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30
Q

The composition of what milk is 7% P, 38% CHO, and 55% F?

A

Human Milk

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31
Q

The composition of what milk is 20% P, 30% CHO, and 50% F?

A

Cows Milk

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32
Q

Infants double weight by 4-6 months and triple weight by

A

1 year

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33
Q

Solid food should be introduced at ____, when posture can be sustained and extrusion reflex diminishes

A

4-6 months

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34
Q

A condition of inadequate weight or height gain mainly though to result from a choleric deficit is known as

A

Failure to thrive

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35
Q

True or False:

Constipation is not caused by breast milk

A

True

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36
Q

The yellowing discoloring of the skin caused by too much bilirubin in the blood is

A

Infant Jaundice

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37
Q

Normal serum bilirubin in infants is

A

.3-1.0 mg/dl

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38
Q

Supplementation of _____ should be given to infants who exclusively breast fed.

A

Vitamin D

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39
Q

Between the age of 1 and 3 yrs of age is considered a

A

Toddler

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40
Q

A child between the age of 3 and 5 years of age is considered a _______

A

Pre-school

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41
Q

A child between the age of 5 and 10 years is considered a ______

A

Middle Childhood

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42
Q

A girl from ages 9-11 and a boy from ages 10-12 are considered ______

A

Preadolescence or school age

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43
Q

The latent or ___________ is the period after infancy and until puberty.

A

Quiescent period of Growth

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44
Q

What puts a child at risk for iron deficiency?

A

Rapid Growth

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45
Q

Protein requirements for children ages 1-3 is _____g.

A

13g

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46
Q

Protein requirements for children ages 4-8 is _____g.

A

19g

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47
Q

Protein requirements for children ages 9-13 is _____g.

A

34 g

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48
Q

Stature/Length for age:

0-36 month is measured by

A

recumbent length

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49
Q

Stature/Length for age:

2-20 yrs

A

Height

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50
Q

weight for length identifies

A

under/overweight

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51
Q

Stature/length identifies

A

shortness/tallness

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52
Q

Weight for age does NOT

A

classify under/over weight

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53
Q
Overweight/obesity
FTT
Iron Deficiency
Dental Caries
Allergies
ADHD
and Autism
A

Are Nutritional Concerns in childhood

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54
Q

kids aged between 13-15 are considered _______

A

early adolescence

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55
Q

Kids ages between 15-17 are considered _______

A

Middle adolescence

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56
Q

kids ages between 18-21 are considered _______

A

late adolescence

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57
Q

What is another name for sexual maturity rating?

A

Tanner stage

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58
Q
Physiologic changes
Puberty
Sexual maturity rating
Growth velocity
Development of values and beliefs
Independence and autonomy 
are all aspects that make up \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Adolescence

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59
Q

Irregular meals
Excessive snacking
Eating away from home (fast foods)
Dieting and meal skipping

A

Food Habits

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60
Q

Annual screening of weight, height, BMI, nutritional assessment (Parental, peer, school, cultural, personal lifestyle) is the Nutrition Screening and Assessments of _______

A

Adolescent

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61
Q

Excessive body weight among females associated with both earlier onset of puberty as well as earlier menses is known as ___________

A

Menarche

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62
Q

The DRI for Iron increases for females from 8mg/day to _____mg/day after menses.

A

15mg/day

63
Q

The DRI for iron increases for males from 8mg/day to _____mg/day to support growth spurt

A

11mg/day

64
Q

Adolescents at or above 95th% are at risk for ________

A

hypertension

65
Q

__________ teens have elevated blood cholesterol.

A

one in four

66
Q

Children with _________ or inflammatory bowel disease require high protein and calorie levels.

A

Cystic fibrosis

67
Q

What is thought to only be appropriate for teens when BMI >40 kg/m2?

A

Bariatric Surgery

68
Q

What is the third most common chronic illness in adolescent females?

A

eating disorders

69
Q

Individuals between the ages of 19-65 are considered_______

A

Adults

70
Q

On average the RDA of protein for females over the age of 19 and older is ________g

A

46 g

71
Q

On average the RDA of protein for males over the age of 19 and older is ________g

A

56g

72
Q

What is the RDA for protein for individuals who are vegetarian/vegan?

A

1g/kg

73
Q

What is the RDA for CHO?

A

45-65%

74
Q

What is the RDA for fat?

A

20-35%

75
Q

What is the RDA for Protein?

A

10-35%

76
Q

Wellness in not just the absence of _____ but includes not only physical but also mental and spiritual health.

A

disease

77
Q

Overweight and ______ have been linked to heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension

A

obesity

78
Q

______ is identified by having 3 or more of the following:

  1. Waist circumfrence >40 in men; >35 in women
  2. Hypertension 135/85 mm Hg or higher
  3. Serum Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
  4. HDL cholesterol
A

Metabolic Syndrome

79
Q

Individuals ages between 65-74 are considered ______

A

Young old

80
Q

Individuals ages between 75-84 are considered _______

A

aged

81
Q

Individuals ages between 85> are considered _______

A

oldest old

82
Q

Elderly should encourage folate-rich food and supplements of Vitamin

A

Vitamin B-6 & B-12

83
Q

Damage to the optic nerve resulting from high pressure in the eye is

A

Glaucoma

84
Q

Clouding of the lens of the eye. The most common treatment is surgery. This condition is

A

Cataracts

85
Q

_______

A

A complication of diabetes

86
Q

_______ is frequently misdiagnosed and may be improved with good diet. In elderly depression is a treatable cause of weight loss.

A

Depression

87
Q

_______ aka bedsores is caused by pressure that impedes capillary flow to the skin and underlying tissues. Treated with optimal protein and calories, medications and micronutrients

A

Pressure Ulcers

88
Q

______ is a general sense of happiness and satisfaction

A

Quality of life

89
Q

Ability to perform self-care

A

functionality

90
Q

Toileting, bathing, eating and dressing are activities of daily living which is ___

A

Basic self-care

91
Q

Managing money, shopping, telephone use, housekeeping, etc are

A

Instrumental activities of daily living

92
Q

________ serve those who need help with ADLs

A

Assisted Living Communities

93
Q

______ serves those who need more care as they age.

A

Skilled nursing facilities

94
Q

Impaired mobility and ________ are key to pressure ulcers development

A

Urinary incontinence

95
Q

Muscle and it is the major determinant of the resting metabolic rate is

A

Lean Body Mass

96
Q

Total body fat is a combination of _________

A

Essential Fat and Storage Fat

97
Q

A chronic disease or state of adiposity in which body fatness is above the idea >30 is

A

Obesity

98
Q

________ accumulate in adipose tissues from exposure to toxins, chemicals and pesticides

A

Semivolatile organic compounds

99
Q

66% of americans are overweight. What percentage of adult americans are obese?

A

32%

100
Q

In the US, prevalence of obesity is higher amongst black and ______

A

hispanic populations

101
Q

All states except for ______ are struggling with obesity

A

Colorado

102
Q

Low calorie diets aka calorie restrictive diets reduces the calories to ______ and 50-55% should be CHO

A

500-1000cals per day.

103
Q

Very low calorie diets provide only ________ calories daily. These need to be used with medical supervision for individuals who are morbidly obese. Usually given for 12-16 weeks.

A

200-800

104
Q

Biliopancreatic Diversion is

A

purely malabsorbtive

105
Q

Biliopancreatic diversion aka ______ aim is selective absorption of fat and restriction of caloric intake. The stomach pouch is reduced to 200mL and the biliopancreatic limb is attached to the intestinal limb 50 cm proximal. Fat absorption is therefore limited to the short 50 cm common channel

A

duodenal switch

106
Q

Gastric banding and vertical banded gastroplasty is

A

restrictive

107
Q

________ is only restrictive and reduces the size of the stomach pouch.

A

Gastric Banding

108
Q

What is the most popular surgery that cuts a window into the body of the stomach and reduces the size of the stomach pouch?

A

Vertical-banded gastroplasty

109
Q

Gastric Bypass and Roux-en-Y is both

A

Restrictive and Malabsorbtive

110
Q

Gastric Bypass aka ______ is the most successful bariatric surgery

A

Roux-en-y

111
Q

For obese children under the age of 7 the goal is prolonged weight management. For obese children above 7 the goal is prolonged weight management, unless they have secondary complications then weight loss is suggested and seeing a specialist

A

:)

112
Q

What is an obsession with healthy or righteous eating?

A

Orthorexia

113
Q

What is primarily characterized by an ongoing, persistent pattern of late-night binge eating?

A

night eating syndrome

114
Q

Eating disorders are classified as a ________

A

mental illness

115
Q

Major depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder are often accompanied with _________

A

eating disorders

116
Q

Anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating make up ________

A

Eating disorders

117
Q

Treatment of ED’s is provided at several levers of care depending on severity of illness, includes

A
inpatient hospitalization 
residential treatment
day hospitalization
intensive outpatient treatment
and 
outpatient treatment
118
Q

Guidelines for adolescent obesity care is based on teen’s

A

BMI, age, motivation, and presence of comorbid conditions. 1. biological development. 2. level of motivation. 3. weight status. 4. success with previous stages of treatment.

119
Q

Evaluating the Quality of Vegetarian Diets:

Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)

A

Wt gain/ PRO intake (gm)

120
Q

Nitrogen promotes maintenance and _____. RDA is 0.6g/kg

A

growth

121
Q

What foods are low in lysine and threonine?

A

Cereals

122
Q

What foods are low in methionine?

A

Legumes

123
Q

Iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin D and vitamin B-12 are essential for _______ children

A

vegetarians and vegan

124
Q

Protein quality is determined by

A

digestibility and amino acid content

125
Q

food allergies occur in 8% of children and ______ of adults

A

4%

126
Q

Most food allergies are type I ____

A

IgE

127
Q

Food reactions that are toxic, pharmacologic, metabolic, or idiosyncratic are food _____

A

intolerance

128
Q

milk, eggs, tree nuts, peanuts, soy, wheat, fish and shellfish are foods most likely to

A

cause food allergies

129
Q

A metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass leading to bone fragility and consequently an increase in risk of fracture is known as ________.

A

Osteoporosis

130
Q

Individuals with a bone density below normal but not as low as diagnose of osteoporosis have _________.

A

osteopenia

131
Q

Impaired mineralization (softer bones) caused by Calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms are fractures that occur without apparent injury as in fragility fractures is _______

A

Osteomalacia

132
Q

What is the average bone density of the U.S. population of premenopausal females?

A

T-score of O

133
Q

A t-score of +1 to -1 is considered a ______

A

Normal BMD

134
Q

A t-score of -1 to -2.5 is considered ______

A

Osteopenia

135
Q

A t-score < -2.5 is considered _______

A

Osteoporosis

136
Q

Units of standard deviation is how to measure a ______

A

T-score

137
Q

Anorexia, Amenorrhea (no period), and Osteoporosis are three conditions common in

A

Female athlete triad

138
Q

Age, Female, Caucasian/asian, family history, chronic disease, hormone deficiency, environmental, calcium deficiency, Vitamin d deficiency, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and fall risk are all risk factors of

A

osteoporosis

139
Q

None of the elements are removed, contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets suspended in plasma is

A

whole blood

140
Q

The fluid obtained after the blood has clotted, been centrifuges and the solid parts removed is

A

serum

141
Q

the transparent liquid component of blood, made up of water, blood proteins, electrolytes and clotting facts is

A

plasma

142
Q

Glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, CO2, chloride, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine make up

A

Basic metabolic Panel

143
Q

the value of serum albumin is ____ g/dL

A

3.5-5.0 g/dL

144
Q

albumin has half life of 18-21 days

A

.

145
Q

What serum has a half life of 9 days?

A

Serum transferrin

146
Q

Prealbumin (PAB) and Transthyretin (TTHY) have a half life of

A

2 days

147
Q

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) has a half life of

A

12 hrs

148
Q

True or False

A dietary supplement is not represented as a food or sole item of a meal or the diet

A

True

149
Q

____ eases menopause symptoms but is know to cause clotting

A

black cohosh

150
Q

______ may lower cholesterol and blood sugar. (Peripheral arterial occlusive disease) Reduces clotting time so avoid use with warfarin

A

Garlic

151
Q

When using the antiemetic, ______, avoid use with drugs that affect bleeding.

A

Ginger

152
Q

What is a vasodilation used in stroke recovery and should avoid use with warfarin?

A

Ginka Biloba

153
Q

What is an antidepressant that may compromise meds for heart disease, cancer, seizures, and birth control?

A

St. John’s wort