Quiz Questions and Answers Flashcards
Tim is auditioning for his high school’s musical. He has been taking vocal lessons for years and is an excellent singer, but does NOT have experience as a dancer.
The director of the play gives him a part where he has to sing and dance. Based on what you have learned about social facilitation, how will the presence of an audience affect Tim’s performance in the play (when compared with his performance while rehearsing alone)?
His singing will improve, but his dancing will be impaired.
Feedback: For Tim, singing is a well-learned task. Therefore, the presence of an audience should create social facilitation.
In contrast, dancing is a novel task for Tim. The presence of an audience should create social inhibition.
How would the engaged followership account of obedience explain why fewer participants obeyed orders in the “ordinary person” variant of Milgram’s experiment than in the classic version?
The ordinary person variant undermines the legitimacy of the orders, making it harder for participants to justify their actions as contributing to a valid scientific endeavour.
One important feature of Milgram’s studies is that he had participants start with a very mild shock and gradually increase the shocks’ intensity with each error.
By making this a feature of the studies, Milgram leveraged the concept of ___ to maximize obedience in his participants.
cognitive dissonance
Talisa and her colleagues are discussing a high-profile criminal trial. Although the evidence is ambiguous, the group thinks the defendant is probably guilty.
Talisa’s co-worker mentions that right-wing pundits are rallying behind the defendant (“He made a bad choice, but he didn’t mean to hurt the victim. He’s innocent of the crime”).
Talisa and her colleagues are ideologically left-wing. As they looks for ways to separate their views from the right-wingers’, they become increasingly convinced that the defendant is guilty.
Which account of group polarization does this example illustrate?
Social identity
Feedback: This example illustrates the social identity account of group polarization. The group is trying to differentiate their views the right-wingers’ views (an outgroup that they disagrees with).
Sarah plays the violin in her local orchestra. She realizes that her violin is drowned out for most of the performance—no one would notice if she stopped playing.
“Why should I practice the parts that no one will hear?” Sarah asks herself. “I’ll play for real in places where the violin is audible, but I’ll just mime playing the rest of the time.” This is an example of ______.
social loafing
We discussed research by Lanaté and colleagues, who studied process loss by having participants shout into microphones.
They found that participants produced less sound when they performed the task in an actual group of 6 than when they thought they were performing in a group of 6, but were actually performing alone.
This difference in performance is best explained by ___.
Coordination loss
In Class 14, we discussed a social facilitation study by Cottrell and colleagues, in which participants were taught—and then tested on—a series of pseudowords.
The findings were initially taken as support for the evaluative apprehension account, but researchers have noted that it cannot fully test the mere presence account of social facilitation effects. Why not?
Because the experiment’s design meant that evaluation was involved in all three conditions. There was no true “alone” condition.
Amy is walking across campus and sees someone searching the ground for a ring that slipped off their finger.
Which of the following scenarios is NOT consistent with the empathy–altruism hypothesis?
Amy feels empathy for the person, but stopping will make her late for class and she doesn’t have anything to gain by helping. She decides NOT to help the person look for the ring.
In the trucking game where players sought to make deliveries as fast as possible to maximize profits, what happened when one side (Acme) had a gate that could block their competitor’s (Bolt’s) access to the fastest route (unilateral threat condition)?
Both sides lost money, because Acme’s threats to use the gate were met with retaliation by Bolt.
Research suggests that people are LESS inclined to follow the social responsibility norm when ___.
they attribute the person’s situation to internal factors (“they put themselves in this mess”)
What do the tit-for-tat strategy and the GRIT strategy have in common?
The strategy in both cases is to show that you are willing to cooperate, but that you won’t be a pushover if the other side refuses to cooperate.
Groups are most likely to make strong decisions and avoid groupthink when the group is ___.
moderately cohesive
During COVID-19, we have seen real-world examples of social dilemmas.
For example, the stockpiling of face masks and hand sanitizer early in the pandemic—which left many without access to those items—is an example of a ________ dilemma.
People choosing not to get vaccinated, and instead relying on other people doing so to create herd immunity, is an example of a ________ dilemma.
(Reminder: Common resource dilemmas are also known as harvesting dilemmas; contributions dilemmas are also known as public goods dilemmas)
common resource; contributions
