~Class #19: Aggression Flashcards
What is Aggression?
Aggression refers to behaviours that are intended to harm another individual (who does not wish to be harmed)
What is Instrumental (Cognitive) Aggression?
Planful aggression that is used to achieve a goal (e.g., acquiring status; advancing a cause)
What is Hostile (Emotional; Impulsive) Aggression?
Aggression motivated by feelings of anger and hostility, often expressed in impulsive outbursts
In aggression, situational factors have relatively ___ effects.
small
Terrorist acts are a form of ___ aggression, the goal of the act is to send a message and advance an ideological cause.
instrumental
Does larger-scale violence include more Hostile or Instrumental aggression?
It’s often a mix of both
How does Misattribution of physiological arousal contribute to aggressive behaviour?
We attribute the physiological arousal to somebody around us who we then kind of perceived to have wronged us in some way or we just feel irritated with
What physiological factors can influence aggression?
Pain, discomfort, anxiety, excitation, having just worked out
What is the frustration/aggression hypothesis?
Perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal, increasing the probability of aggression
The frustration/aggression hypothesis specifically increases the probability of ___ aggression.
hostile
What is Relative deprivation?
Perception that you have less than you deserve, than you expected, or than what those similar to you have
What are situational contributors to aggressive behaviour?
- Proximity to goals
- Exposure to aggressive cues (e.g., weapons effect)
- Exposure to violent media
- Dehumanization
- Social Rejection
People get a lot more aggressive if you cut them off when they’re ___ in line, than if you cut them off on their ___.
second // twelfth
People are more likely to become more angry with a task when its ___.
harder than they expected/were lead to believe it would be
We’re less likely to become angry at a situation when we ___.
Understand why/have legitimate reasons as to why somebody is in your way of achieving a goal
What is the Weapon’s effect?
Increases in aggression that occur in the presence of an object that has been associated with violence/aggression
The Weapon’s effect can occur for objects that would normally be ___, but that have been associated with ___ in the context of the situation.
neutral // violence
A person may not always experience the weapons effect if they do not view the gun as associated ___, such as someone who is a ___.
violence // game hunter
Weapon effect is a ___ effect, there is still an ____ queue that plays a ___ effect.
small // emotional/anger/provocation // larger
Why can violent media attribute to aggressive behaviour?
Because its content can cause physiological arousal
When you see the increases in aggression after viewing violent media in the short term, it tends to be mostly in situations where the person reports ___ with the perpetrator of the violence in the media, so if it’s somebody that they feel a ___ with, and when the violence is presented as ___ in some way.
identifying // connection // justified
In a study looking at 400 elementary schoolers in a violent media study, what did they find?
They found that the kids who had watched the violent media were more likely to be aggressive if they were also kids who the teachers rated as being pretty aggressive in general. So the kids who were chill and were rated as not aggressive didn’t see nearly the same impact of watching the violent film.
Aggression in response to exposure to violent media is more likely in those who ___.
People who are already prone to those characteristics anyway.
Meta analyzes found the effects of violent media to be ___, but the effects were ___.
present // small
What is Dehumanization?
Attribution of nonhuman characteristics, and denial of human qualities,
to groups other than one’s own
Social rejection can activate a threat/stress response, leading to a spike in ___.
cortisol
People who report more social rejection also engage in ___ aggressive behaviors
more
What is Catharsis?
Blowing off steam by engaging in or fantasizing about aggressive acts
Catharsis ___ future aggression.
increases
Punishment may work if it is ___, ___, and ___.
prompt(immediate) // certain // unavoidable
Improper punishment techniques can lead to ___.
cued cheating
The threat of punishment only works when there’s that ___.
immediate threat of being caught
The more effective forms of punishment are ___, where you’re ___.
negative punishment // taking away things that the child likes, timeouts, removing privileges
Training in ___ and ___ reduces aggression.
communication // problem-solving
Modelling ___ to provocation reduces children’s subsequent aggressive responses and helps reduce aggression.
nonaggressive responses
Increasing ___ reduces aggression.
perspective-taking
