~Class #19: Aggression

Question 1

What is Aggression?

Answer 1

Aggression refers to behaviours that are intended to harm another individual (who does not wish to be harmed)

Question 2

What is Instrumental (Cognitive) Aggression?

Answer 2

Planful aggression that is used to achieve a goal (e.g., acquiring status; advancing a cause)

Question 3

What is Hostile (Emotional; Impulsive) Aggression?

Answer 3

Aggression motivated by feelings of anger and hostility, often expressed in impulsive outbursts

Question 4

In aggression, situational factors have relatively ___ effects.

Answer 4

small

Question 5

Terrorist acts are a form of ___ aggression, the goal of the act is to send a message and advance an ideological cause.

Answer 5

instrumental

Question 6

Does larger-scale violence include more Hostile or Instrumental aggression?

Answer 6

It’s often a mix of both

Question 7

How does Misattribution of physiological arousal contribute to aggressive behaviour?

Answer 7

We attribute the physiological arousal to somebody around us who we then kind of perceived to have wronged us in some way or we just feel irritated with

Question 8

What physiological factors can influence aggression?

Answer 8

Pain, discomfort, anxiety, excitation, having just worked out

Question 9

What is the frustration/aggression hypothesis?

Answer 9

Perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal, increasing the probability of aggression

Question 10

The frustration/aggression hypothesis specifically increases the probability of ___ aggression.

Answer 10

hostile

Question 11

What is Relative deprivation?

Answer 11

Perception that you have less than you deserve, than you expected, or than what those similar to you have

Question 12

What are situational contributors to aggressive behaviour?

Answer 12

• Proximity to goals
• Exposure to aggressive cues (e.g., weapons effect)
• Exposure to violent media
• Dehumanization
• Social Rejection

Question 13

People get a lot more aggressive if you cut them off when they’re ___ in line, than if you cut them off on their ___.

Answer 13

second // twelfth

Question 14

People are more likely to become more angry with a task when its ___.

Answer 14

harder than they expected/were lead to believe it would be

Question 15

We’re less likely to become angry at a situation when we ___.

Answer 15

Understand why/have legitimate reasons as to why somebody is in your way of achieving a goal

Question 16

What is the Weapon’s effect?

Answer 16

Increases in aggression that occur in the presence of an object that has been associated with violence/aggression

Question 17

The Weapon’s effect can occur for objects that would normally be ___, but that have been associated with ___ in the context of the situation.

Answer 17

neutral // violence

Question 18

A person may not always experience the weapons effect if they do not view the gun as associated ___, such as someone who is a ___.

Answer 18

violence // game hunter

Question 19

Weapon effect is a ___ effect, there is still an ____ queue that plays a ___ effect.

Answer 19

small // emotional/anger/provocation // larger

Question 20

Why can violent media attribute to aggressive behaviour?

Answer 20

Because its content can cause physiological arousal

Question 21

When you see the increases in aggression after viewing violent media in the short term, it tends to be mostly in situations where the person reports ___ with the perpetrator of the violence in the media, so if it’s somebody that they feel a ___ with, and when the violence is presented as ___ in some way.

Answer 21

identifying // connection // justified

Question 22

In a study looking at 400 elementary schoolers in a violent media study, what did they find?

Answer 22

They found that the kids who had watched the violent media were more likely to be aggressive if they were also kids who the teachers rated as being pretty aggressive in general. So the kids who were chill and were rated as not aggressive didn’t see nearly the same impact of watching the violent film.

Question 23

Aggression in response to exposure to violent media is more likely in those who ___.

Answer 23

People who are already prone to those characteristics anyway.

Question 24

Meta analyzes found the effects of violent media to be ___, but the effects were ___.

Answer 24

present // small

Question 25

What is Dehumanization?

Answer 25

Attribution of nonhuman characteristics, and denial of human qualities,
to groups other than one’s own

Question 26

Social rejection can activate a threat/stress response, leading to a spike in ___.

Answer 26

cortisol

Question 27

People who report more social rejection also engage in ___ aggressive behaviors

Answer 27

more

Question 28

What is Catharsis?

Answer 28

Blowing off steam by engaging in or fantasizing about aggressive acts

Question 29

Catharsis ___ future aggression.

Answer 29

increases

Question 30

Punishment may work if it is ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 30

prompt(immediate) // certain // unavoidable

Question 31

Improper punishment techniques can lead to ___.

Answer 31

cued cheating

Question 32

The threat of punishment only works when there’s that ___.

Answer 32

immediate threat of being caught

Question 33

The more effective forms of punishment are ___, where you’re ___.

Answer 33

negative punishment // taking away things that the child likes, timeouts, removing privileges

Question 34

Training in ___ and ___ reduces aggression.

Answer 34

communication // problem-solving

Question 35

Modelling ___ to provocation reduces children’s subsequent aggressive responses and helps reduce aggression.

Answer 35

nonaggressive responses

Question 36

Increasing ___ reduces aggression.

Answer 36

perspective-taking