~Class #18: Social Context Determinants of Helping

Question 1

What is Supportive Help?

Answer 1

Supportive help is delivered in response to a need and given in a way that does not make us feel inferior or dependent, and leads to positive reactions

Question 2

Supportive Help leads to ___ reactions.

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

Supportive Help is the type of thing that is most likely to be perceived positively when it’s not presented in a way that makes us feel ___.

Answer 3

inferior

Question 4

In a study where subjects were asked to imagine they were hired at a job because of a disability versus a situation in which they had been hired because they were qualified for the job, what were the outcomes?

Answer 4

They found that the people who are imagining being hired because of their disability experience lower self-esteem and were less motivated to work at that company, because it makes them feel as though they are viewed as incapable, and they feel tokenized.

Question 5

What kind of helping do disabled adults receive most frequently, and feel is the most demoralizing?

Answer 5

Paternalistic helping

Question 6

Why is paternalistic helping condescending to disabled adults?

Answer 6

Because it is treating the adult as though they are a child, and it comes across as condescending, invalidating and undermining their abilities

Question 7

A situation in which help may be perceived negatively is a situation where somebody receives health that they don’t think they’ll be able to ___.

Answer 7

repay

Question 8

Bystander intervention is concerned with any situation in which people choose to step in and provide help, this time in situations where it is ___.

Answer 8

truly needed

Question 9

What is Step #1 of the five-stage decision model?

Answer 9

Notice the event

Question 10

What is Step #2 of the five-stage decision model?

Answer 10

Interpret the situation as an emergency

Question 11

What is Step #3 of the five-stage decision model?

Answer 11

Assume Responsibility

Question 12

What is Step #4 of the five-stage decision model?

Answer 12

Know the appropriate form of assistance

Question 13

What is Step #5 of the five-stage decision model?

Answer 13

Decide to implement help

Question 14

Why might you not notice an emergency is occurring?

Answer 14

If it’s not very salient, or if you are in a hurry, you may have your blinders on.

Question 15

In the Good Samaritan Parable, how many people in the high-need-to-hurry condition stopped to help?

Answer 15

10%

Question 16

In the Good Samaritan Parable, how many people in the medium-hurry condition stopped to help?

Answer 16

45%

Question 17

In the Good Samaritan Parable, how many people in the no-need-to-hurry condition stopped to help?

Answer 17

63%

Question 18

In the Smoke-Filled Room study, how many people left within 6 minutes in the Alone condition?

Answer 18

75%

Question 19

In the Smoke-Filled Room study, how many people left within 6 minutes in the 3-people condition?

Answer 19

38%

Question 20

In the Smoke-Filled Room study, the ___ people there are, the longer it takes for people to take action and the ___ people take action.

Answer 20

more // fewer

Question 21

What is Pluralistic Ignorance?

Answer 21

One of the ways that people will often respond to an emergency situation initially is with kind of a startle reaction, but then they freeze and their expression can be a little bit blank and hard to read because they don’t know how to react, they’re a little bit startled, they’re unsure, and they’re just standing, waiting, trying to figure out what’s going on in those early moments when everyone’s kind of frozen and everyone is unsure they’re looking to each other as that sorts of information about how they should be responding,
One of the things that can happen there is that you see other people appearing unconcerned or not taking action, and that becomes a cue that maybe it’s not the emergency that you’re thinking, maybe nobody’s reacting, so you shouldn’t be as worried as you are.
Where you interpret other people’s reactions as meaning that the situation isn’t as dire as you thought, but they’re only not responding because they’re getting those same signals from you.
So everybody’s kind of interpreting the situation as something that other people are unconcerned about when in reality, everyone’s just trying to figure it out for themselves.

Question 22

Pluralistic Ignorance ties in with the phenomenon of ___ Influence.

Answer 22

Informational Social

Question 23

In studies looking at Pluralistic Ignorance , the bystander effect is ___ when people have the opportunity to see everybody else’s initial sense of alarm, that initial concern before they kind of school their expression and go a little bit blank as they try to figure out what’s happening and how they should react.

Answer 23

reduced

Question 24

The bystander effect as a whole shrinks often to the point of disappearing in a situation that is ___.

Answer 24

unambiguously an emergency

Question 25

Pluralistic ignorance and the informational social inputs that can drive it are most pronounced in ___ and ___ situations.

Answer 25

ambiguous // uncertain

Question 26

What was the result in the seizure witness study?

Answer 26

People left more quickly to help in the alone condition than in the crowd condition

Question 27

What is diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 27

Each person’s individual sense of responsibility is to step in is lessened when there are more people around who could potentially offer help themselves

Question 28

Bystander effects largely result from ____.

Answer 28

uncertainty about the situation

Question 29

What are the main reasons people may be less inclined to help?

Answer 29

• They are concerned about being negatively evaluated for their helping efforts
• They view the costs of helping as being too high (danger to oneself; legal concerns; Cost/benefit analysis)
• They do not feel qualified to deliver the help

Question 30

What is Audience inhibition?

Answer 30

Helpers are viewed as responsible for the victim’s suffering by newly-arrived bystanders

Question 31

In the CCTV footage study done of bystander effects, what % of people stepped in to offer help when witnessing a conflict?

Answer 31

90 percent of the conflicts had at least one person step in to offer help.