~Class #18: Social Context Determinants of Helping Flashcards
What is Supportive Help?
Supportive help is delivered in response to a need and given in a way that does not make us feel inferior or dependent, and leads to positive reactions
Supportive Help leads to ___ reactions.
positive
Supportive Help is the type of thing that is most likely to be perceived positively when it’s not presented in a way that makes us feel ___.
inferior
In a study where subjects were asked to imagine they were hired at a job because of a disability versus a situation in which they had been hired because they were qualified for the job, what were the outcomes?
They found that the people who are imagining being hired because of their disability experience lower self-esteem and were less motivated to work at that company, because it makes them feel as though they are viewed as incapable, and they feel tokenized.
What kind of helping do disabled adults receive most frequently, and feel is the most demoralizing?
Paternalistic helping
Why is paternalistic helping condescending to disabled adults?
Because it is treating the adult as though they are a child, and it comes across as condescending, invalidating and undermining their abilities
A situation in which help may be perceived negatively is a situation where somebody receives health that they don’t think they’ll be able to ___.
repay
Bystander intervention is concerned with any situation in which people choose to step in and provide help, this time in situations where it is ___.
truly needed
What is Step #1 of the five-stage decision model?
Notice the event
What is Step #2 of the five-stage decision model?
Interpret the situation as an emergency
What is Step #3 of the five-stage decision model?
Assume Responsibility
What is Step #4 of the five-stage decision model?
Know the appropriate form of assistance
What is Step #5 of the five-stage decision model?
Decide to implement help
Why might you not notice an emergency is occurring?
If it’s not very salient, or if you are in a hurry, you may have your blinders on.
In the Good Samaritan Parable, how many people in the high-need-to-hurry condition stopped to help?
10%
In the Good Samaritan Parable, how many people in the medium-hurry condition stopped to help?
45%
In the Good Samaritan Parable, how many people in the no-need-to-hurry condition stopped to help?
63%
In the Smoke-Filled Room study, how many people left within 6 minutes in the Alone condition?
75%
In the Smoke-Filled Room study, how many people left within 6 minutes in the 3-people condition?
38%
In the Smoke-Filled Room study, the ___ people there are, the longer it takes for people to take action and the ___ people take action.
more // fewer
What is Pluralistic Ignorance?
One of the ways that people will often respond to an emergency situation initially is with kind of a startle reaction, but then they freeze and their expression can be a little bit blank and hard to read because they don’t know how to react, they’re a little bit startled, they’re unsure, and they’re just standing, waiting, trying to figure out what’s going on in those early moments when everyone’s kind of frozen and everyone is unsure they’re looking to each other as that sorts of information about how they should be responding,
One of the things that can happen there is that you see other people appearing unconcerned or not taking action, and that becomes a cue that maybe it’s not the emergency that you’re thinking, maybe nobody’s reacting, so you shouldn’t be as worried as you are.
Where you interpret other people’s reactions as meaning that the situation isn’t as dire as you thought, but they’re only not responding because they’re getting those same signals from you.
So everybody’s kind of interpreting the situation as something that other people are unconcerned about when in reality, everyone’s just trying to figure it out for themselves.
Pluralistic Ignorance ties in with the phenomenon of ___ Influence.
Informational Social
In studies looking at Pluralistic Ignorance , the bystander effect is ___ when people have the opportunity to see everybody else’s initial sense of alarm, that initial concern before they kind of school their expression and go a little bit blank as they try to figure out what’s happening and how they should react.
reduced
The bystander effect as a whole shrinks often to the point of disappearing in a situation that is ___.
unambiguously an emergency
Pluralistic ignorance and the informational social inputs that can drive it are most pronounced in ___ and ___ situations.
ambiguous // uncertain
What was the result in the seizure witness study?
People left more quickly to help in the alone condition than in the crowd condition
What is diffusion of responsibility?
Each person’s individual sense of responsibility is to step in is lessened when there are more people around who could potentially offer help themselves
Bystander effects largely result from ____.
uncertainty about the situation
What are the main reasons people may be less inclined to help?
- They are concerned about being negatively evaluated for their helping efforts
- They view the costs of helping as being too high (danger to oneself; legal concerns; Cost/benefit analysis)
- They do not feel qualified to deliver the help
What is Audience inhibition?
Helpers are viewed as responsible for the victim’s suffering by newly-arrived bystanders
In the CCTV footage study done of bystander effects, what % of people stepped in to offer help when witnessing a conflict?
90 percent of the conflicts had at least one person step in to offer help.
