Quiz on Seeds, and AMF (mini-exam 3 content) Flashcards

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1
Q

In a mature seed, the plumule is made up of what 3 structures?

A

epicotyl, young leaves, and shoot apical meristem

p. 636

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2
Q

Most seeds are durable enough to last _ ____ or ___ until conditions are favorable for germinating.

A

a year or two

p. 636

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3
Q

Seed germination is initiated by imbibition. What is this?

A

uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed

p. 637

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4
Q

What causes the hypocotyl to straighten?

A

exposure to light

p. 637

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5
Q

Vegetative growth, including both primary and secondary growth, arises from the activity of ____________ cells.

A

meristematic

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6
Q

What is a fruit?

A

the mature ovary of a flower

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7
Q

The embryos of monocot have how many cotyledons?

A

1

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8
Q

What type of plants have a specialized cotyledon called a scutellum?

A

grasses, including maize and wheat

p. 636

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9
Q

The embryo of a grass seed in enclosed within 2 protective sheathes: a ________, which covers the young shoot, and a ________, which covers the young root. Both structures aid in soil penetration after germination.

A

coleoptile
coleorhiza

p. 636

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10
Q

The term mycorrhizae means….

A

….”fungus roots”.

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11
Q

What do the fungi get from the plant, and what does the plant get from the fungi?

A

The plant gets minerals, particularly phosphate ions, and the fungus gets carbohydrates, which the plant is better at synthesizing.

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12
Q

Fungal hyphae extend from the mantle into the soil, greatly increasing the surface area for water and _______ absorption. Hyphae also grow into the root cortex, forming an __________ network within the extracellular spaces that facilitates nutrient exchange.

A

mineral
apoplastic

p. 616

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13
Q

Of the 10% of plant families that have species that form ectomycorrhizae, the majority are _____, including members of the pine, birch, and eucalyptus families.

A

woody

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14
Q

Arbuscular mycorrhizae, or endomycorrhizae, are more common than ectomycorrhizae and are found in over __% of plant species, including most crops.

A

85%

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15
Q

Garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata, a native of Europe, has been introduced into the forests of the eastern half of the U.S., where it suppresses the growth of native species. How are these mustard plants unique?

A

They do not form mycorrhizal associations, and they slow the growth of other plant species by preventing the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

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