Ch 19: Descent with Modification

Question 1

Who developed a hypothesis of natural selection that was nearly identical to Darwin’s?

Answer 1

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 2

The Origin of Species explains the following:

1. Evolution happens
2. Natural selection is the mechanism
3. This explains three broad observations
   a. The unity of life
   b. The diversity of life
   c. The match between organisms and their environment (_________).

Answer 2

adaptations

Question 3

The following 5 vegetables have all been selected from one species of wild mustard:

Answer 3

kale (selected for leaves)
Brussels sprouts (selected for axillary buds)
Cabbage (selected for apical tip/ bud)
broccoli (selected for flowers and stems)
kohlrabi (selected for stems)

Question 4

What year did penicillin become the first widely used antibiotic?

Answer 4

1943

Question 5

When did resistance to penicillin first appear?

Answer 5

1945

Question 6

Fossils help us to understand that whales are closely related to ungulates!

Question 7

What is biogeography?

Answer 7

the study of the geographic distribution of species

Question 8

Where are the oldest horse fossils found?

Answer 8

North America

Question 9

The modern idea of extinction as a common occurrence in Earth’s history was first proposed in the early 19th century writings of ______.

Answer 9

Cuvier. He advocated catastrophism, speculating that extinctions apparent in the fossil record corresponded to a catastrophe, such as a flood or drought.

Question 10

Lyell’s principle of ____________ strongly influenced Darwin’s view of how living organisms could change over time.

Answer 10

uniformitarianism

Question 11

Darwin –
Organisms within a population vary, and all populations produce more offspring than can be supported by the environment, resulting in ___________ for survival within the population.

Answer 11

competition