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Microbio 2302 > Quiz Ch.2-6 > Flashcards

Quiz Ch.2-6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is described as chain arrangement of round-shaped bacterial cells?

A

Streptococcus

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2
Q

what are bacterial “appendages” typically involved in specialized functions like conjugation

A

Pili

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3
Q

what is the frequency of “tumbles” is greater than the frequency of “runs”?

A

what happens in the absence of chemo-attract

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4
Q

what is the axial filaments that provides the unique type of motion in them?

A

spirochetes

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5
Q

An attenuated strain of a pathogenic bacteria or virus provided to a person…

A:causes the full effects of the disease in the individual.

B:may prevent disease in the individual by later exposure to a more virulent form of the strain.

C:does not cause an immune reaction in the individual.

D: all of the above

A

A:causes the full effects of the disease in the individual.

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6
Q

What did Robert Koch first accomplish that Louis Pasteur did not?

A: Showed that biological agents (microbes) are responsible for the chemical transformations of fermentation.

B: Experimentally proved the connection between microbes and disease.

C: Disproved spontaneous generation (abiogenesis).

D: Development of a vaccine for rabies.

E: None of the above; Robert Koch do not accomplish any of these before Pasteur

A

B: Experimentally proved the connection between microbes and disease.

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7
Q

Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles are members of this group

A

archaea

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8
Q

For use in reducing microbial numbers on living tissues

A

antiseptic

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9
Q

what can utilize completely inorganic chemicals for energy and growth?

A

lithotroph

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10
Q

what is an example of emerging infectious disease agent

A

COVID-19

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11
Q

Microbe whose size would likely be greater than 20 micrometers.

A

protozoan

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12
Q

Which of the following statement/statements among A-E regarding microbes is/are true?
A:The classification of microbes into Domains revealed the existence of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes.

B: Archaea is a type of eukaryotic unicellular microorganism often found living in extreme conditions.

C: Viruses are a type of prokaryotic cell that requires a host to replicate.

D: All prokaryotes are generally considered microbes, but not all eukaryotes are considered microbes.

E: Your own cells far outnumber those comprising your microbiome.

F: Two of A-E are true.

G: All of A-E are true.

A

F: Two of A-E are true.

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13
Q

The choices below each list three groups of organisms. For which choice, do all three groups include members that fit the definition of a microbe ?

algae, fungi, animals

animals, archaea, plants

protozoans, bacteria, animals

viruses, algae, archaea

A

viruses algae archaea

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14
Q

Which compound is reduced in the reaction shown below?

A

NAD+

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15
Q

what is a light absorbing structure containing photosynthetic pigment?

A

chromatophore

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16
Q

what is involved in a type of taxis (movement); used to orient the cells in space?

A

Magnetosome

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17
Q

what is PHB granules involved in?

A

fat storage inclusion

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18
Q

what does phosphate storage form?

A

metachromatic granules

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19
Q

what is the area of the cytoplasm occupied by the chromosome in prokaryotes?

A

nucleoid

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20
Q

Which is the false statement among A - D?

A: Energy is required to produce ATPs.

B:Generally the food that you eat will ultimately become oxidized by the cells in your body

C:You ate a banana this morning. Your body generally sees this as a source of electrons.

D:The oxygen you inhale is converted to water and the food you eat is converted to CO2 and H20.

E: None of A – D is false.

A

E: None of A – D is false.

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21
Q

Regarding the diagram below, which statement among A - D is true?

A: Anabolism is linked to ATP formation.

B: Heat is required to carry out both catabolism and anabolism.

C:Catabolic processes are those that can lead to ATP formation.

D:None of A-D is true

A

C: Catabolic processes are those that can lead to ATP formation.

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Which choice among A - C does not correctly complete this sentence:

METABOLISM COMPRISES…

A: chemical reactions that are either energy-releasing or energy-requiring.
B: the sum total of chemical reactions occurring in an organism.
C: interconnected chemical reactions in which products of one reaction may serve as a reactant in other processes.

D:A - C all correctly complete the sentence.

E: Two of A - C correctly complete the sentence, one does not.

A

D:A - C all correctly complete the sentence.

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24
Q

Evidence for the endosymbiont theory comes from all the following except:

A: the presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts

B: the presence of ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts

C: mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to prokaryotic cells

D: mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and divide on their own outside the cell

A

D: mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and divide on their own outside the cell

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25
Q

Which is false regarding bacterial endospores?

A: Forespore development precedes formation of a mature endospore

B: Endospore-forming bacteria: Genus Bacillus and genus Clostridium

C: Are highly resistant to heat, radiation, and chemical treatment

D: Endospore formation is induced by chemical, physical, or nutritional stress.

E: None of A-D is false

A

E: none of A-d is false

26
Q

Which is false regarding catabolic processes?

A: They release energy.

B: They lead to the formation of smaller molecules from larger, complex molecules.

C: They are coupled to (linked to) ATP formation reactions, i.e., ADP + P –> ATP.

D: None are false; A-C are true statements.

A

D: None are false; A-C are true statements.

27
Q

Polysome, or polyribosome, formation allows for ___________ in bacteria and occurs because_________.

A: high production of protein from expressed genes; bacterial cells lack a nuclear membrane

B:formation of a capsule; bacterial cells produce a lot of sugar

C:formation of a cell wall; bacterial cells require protection from the environment

D:uptake of solutes from the environment; nutrients are required for growth

A

A: high production of protein from expressed genes; bacterial cells lack a nuclear membrane

28
Q

Fermentation is the same process as anaerobic respiration.

True

False

A

False

29
Q

Which among A - D is a false statement?

A:Water is the source of electrons for oxygenic photosynthesis.

B: Gycolysis supplies ATPs for fermentation.

C: CO2 becomes oxidized during the light-independent reactions.

D:Oxygen becomes reduced during cellular respiration.

E:None of A - D are false statement

A

C: CO2 becomes oxidized during the light-independent reactions.

30
Q

Which statement below among A - C is false concerning the Calvin-Benson cycle?

A: If ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) were absent from an autotroph then it would not be able to fix CO2.

B: Light is not directly involved in the cycle.

C: Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBP), the molecule that CO2 is attached (“fixed”) to in the cycle, must continually be regenerated to maintain CO2 fixation.

D:None of A - C is false

A

D:None of A - C is false

31
Q

Glucose oxidation is completed and ATP, NADH, andFADH2 are formed

A: in the Krebs cycle

B: in glycolysis

C:as pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA

D:at the electron transport chain

A

A: in the Kerbs cycle

32
Q

Regarding metabolic mechanisms that generate energy, which of the following statements among A-D is false?

A:For respiration to function it requires a source of electrons

B:Respiration may occur in the absence or presence of oxygen depending on the bacterial type.

C: The electron source source for respiration can be organic like glucose or a completely inorganic chemical form.

D: Respiration relies on oxidative phosphorylation to produce most of its energy as ATP.

E: None of A-D is false; all are correct.

A

None of A-D is false; all are correct.

33
Q

Which is false among A-E regarding glycolysis?

A: It initially requires energy input in the form of ATP.

B:It yields NADH and ATP.

C: It forms ATP via substrate level phosphorylation.

D: It requires an oxygen in order to be carried out.

E: It begins with glucose and ends with two molecules of pyruvate.

F: None of A-E are false; all are true statements

A

D: It requires an oxygen in order to be carried out.

34
Q

Which among A - D is a false statement?

A: Water is the source of electrons for oxygenic photosynthesis.

B: Glycolysis supplies ATPs for fermentation.

C: CO2 becomes oxidized during the light-independent reactions.

D:Oxygen becomes reduced during cellular respiration.

E:None of A - D are false statements

A

C: CO2 becomes oxidized during the light-independent reactions.

35
Q

Which of A - D is a false statement?

A: Antisepsis & disinfection are both sterilization processes.

B: Using a live non-attenuated vaccine is a safer choice than using a live attenuated vaccine.

C: There are bacterial autotrophs that do not require light for growth.

D: Many emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic.

E:Two of A-D is false

A

E:Two of A-D is false

36
Q

Which of the following statement/statements among A-E regarding microbes is/are false?

A:Opportunistic pathogens originate from your normal microbiota.

B: Though they need a host to replicate, viruses are generally capable of taking in and metabolizing nutrients and carrying out most other of life’s activities.

C: Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles comprise many members of the Archaea.

D: The metabolic capabilities of Bacteria and Archea have importance at all ecosystem levels.

E:The classification of microbes into Domains revealed the existence of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes.

F: Two of A-E are false

A

F: Two of A-E are false

37
Q

The choices below each list three groups of organisms. For which choice, do all three groups include members that are considered microbes as defined in lecture?

A:bacteria, fungi, animals

B:animals, archaea, viruses

C: protozoans, bacteria, liver cells
D: plants, archaea, fungi

E:none of the above

A

E:none of the above

38
Q

Only one type of these would be found in a prokaryote cell.
A:RNA
B:protein
C:ion
D:chromosome
E:carbohydrate

A

D:chromosome

39
Q

Which of the following terms is not correctly defined?

A: A motile bacterium moving in a completely random manner: likely producing more “tumbles” than “runs” with its flagella

B: Potential virulence factors for pathogens: capsule, fimbriae, flagella

C: Spirochete: has a corkscrew motion due to the action of numerous flagella surrounding the exterior of the cell.

D: Commensalistic bacteria: generally these will not harm you

A

C: Spirochete: has a corkscrew motion due to the action of numerous flagella surrounding the exterior of the cell.

40
Q
A
40
Q

Which is true among A - E regarding the prokaryotic cell envelope?

A:The envelope of Mycobacteria species does not contain any peptidoglycan.

B:Gram-positive bacteria have an extra outer membrane.

C:Teichoic acids are found only in a Gram-negative bacteria.

D:O polysaccharide (O antigen) is only associated with a Gram-positive bacterium.

E:There are bacterial types that completely lack a cell wall.

F: None of A-E is true

A

E:There are bacterial types that completely lack a cell wall.

41
Q

Which one of the following pairs among A-E is mismatched?

A: metachromatic granules - allows for aquatic bacteria to orient themselves in a magnetic field

B: PHB inclusions - lipid inclusion; use as energy reserve

C:sulfur granules – sulfur oxidation product

D: gas vacuoles – flotation; depth adjustment

E: carboxysomes - found in some autotrophic bacteria

F: None of A-E are mismatched; all are correctly matched

A

A: metachromatic granules - allows for aquatic bacteria to orient themselves in a magnetic field

42
Q

The diagram shows the cell envelope of two bacterial types, A and B. Which one contains endotoxin activity if it were lysed?
A or B

A

bacterium B

43
Q

Which of the following scenarios represents a situation where a suspected disease-causing microbe would not be consistent with one or more of Koch’s Postulates?

A: The microbe is found in all patients with a particular disease.

B: Some healthy individuals possess the microbe.
C: The microbe can be isolated and grown in pure culture.

D: The injection of the microbe into an animal host does not produce disease symptoms.

E: Two of the above

A

E: Two of the above

44
Q

Which is true regarding catabolic processes?
A:They require energy.in order to proceed.

B: They lead to the formation of larger, more complex molecules.

C: They are coupled to (linked to) ATP hydrolysis reactions, i.e., ATP –> ADP + P

D:None are true; A-C are all false statements.

A

A:They require energy.in order to proceed.

45
Q

Regarding metabolic mechanisms that generate energy, which of the following statements among A-D is false?

A: For respiration to function it requires a source of electrons

B: Respiration may only occur in the presence of oxygen.

C: The electron source for respiration can be organic like glucose or a completely inorganic chemical form.

D: Respiration relies on oxidative phosphorylation to produce most of its energy as ATP.

E: None of A-D is false; all are correct.

A

E: None of A-D is false; all are correct.

46
Q

Which compound is oxidized in the reaction shown below

A:isocitric acid
B: NAD+
C: NADH
D: ketoglutaric acid

A

Isocitric acid

47
Q

A-E represent different catabolic pathways that yield energy from the oxidation of an energy source. The electron donors in A-E are oxidized; the electrons from these donors are ultimately transferred to a final electron acceptor as shown below. If light energy was also involved in the process, which of these reactions would represent photosynthesis as cyanobacteria carry it out?

A

H2O —> NADP+

48
Q

A bacterial species that can grow when supplied H2 as an energy source, CO2 as a carbon source, and nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, would correctly be considered:

A: a heterotroph
B: a lithotroph (chemoautotroph)
C: anaerobic respiration
D two of A - C are correct

A

D two of A - C are correct

49
Q

The highest output of energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 occurs during
Correct Answer
A: the Krebs cycle
B: glycolysis
C: as pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA
D: during fermentation

A

the Kerbs cycle

50
Q

Which is false among A-D regarding glycolysis?

A: It initially requires energy input in the form of ATP.

B: It yields NADH and ATP.

C: It forms ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

D:It begins with glucose and ends with two molecules of pyruvate.

E: None of A-D are false; all are true statements

A

C: It forms ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

51
Q

Which among A - D is a false statement?

A: Water is the source of electrons for oxygenic photosynthesis.

B: Glycolysis supplies ATPs for fermentation.

C: CO2 becomes reduced during the light-independent reactions.

D: Oxygen becomes reduced during cellular respiration.

E: None of A - D are false statements; all are true

A

E: None of A - D are false statements; all are true

52
Q

If this nutrient were absent from a bacterial growth medium; then NO growth would occur if this medium were inoculated.

A: Phosphorous

B: Sulfur

C: Carbon

D: Nitrogen

E: If any of the above nutrients were missing from the growth medium, no growth would occur.

A

E: If any of the above nutrients were missing from the growth medium, no growth would occur.

53
Q

For many bacterial types, this component is an absolute requirement for growth, for others, it may be toxic, and still, for others, some can live with or without it. This component is:
A: Carbon
B: O2
C: sulfur
D: phosphorous
E: nitrogen

A

O2

54
Q

The growth phases of a bacterial culture are shown below. Which of the following statements among A-C pertaining to this growth curve is false?

Growth Curve
A: new cells are forming at a rate that is much less than those that are dying: phase c

B: logarithmic changes in cell numbers: phases b and d

C: inoculation of the medium immediately precedes this phase: phase a

D: None are false; all the above statements are true.

A

A: new cells are forming at a rate that is much less than those that are dying: phase c

55
Q

Nutrient agar is a growth medium that contains the nutrients beef extract, yeast extract, peptone, and sodium chloride. This medium is one that allows for the growth of many types of heterotrophic bacteria, both Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and others. No particular types of metabolism are able to be distinguished by types growing on this medium. Based on this information, your best guess would be that this growth medium type would be classified as…

A: a selective medium only

B: a non-selective, but differential medium

C: neither a selective medium nor a differential medium

D: both a selective and differential medium

A

C: neither a selective medium nor a differential medium

56
Q

Referring to the diagram, which molecule would you use to define this as anaerobic respiration?

A

molecule B

57
Q

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

A: they produce antibacterial chemicals.
B: they compete with pathogens for nutrients.
C: they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria.
D: they can change the pH of the environment.
E: there are no exceptions, all the above are true.

A

E: there are no exceptions, all the above are true.

58
Q

What would the three bacterial types described below all have in common?

Type 1: a psychrophilic, alkalophilic, facultative anaerobe

Type 2: a mesophilic, halophilic, aerotolerant anaerobe

Type 3: a hyperthermophilic, acidophilic, obligate anaerobe

A: They would all grow in high salt conditions.

B: They would all be capable of growing in the absence of oxygen.
C: The ability to grow well under low pH conditions.
D: They would all be capable of growing in the presence of oxygen.
E: They would all be capable of growing at temperatures above 50 C.

A

B: They would all be capable of growing in the absence of oxygen.

59
Q

Various concentrations of the following: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, peroxidase, or some combination of these enzymes, would not be found in

A: a facultative anaerobe
B: an aerotolerant anaerobe
C:an obligate aerobe
D: a microaerophile
E: one or more of these enzymes would be found in all the above

A

E: one or more of these enzymes would be found in all the above

Microbio 2302 (15 decks)

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