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Microbio 2302 > Ch.12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths > Flashcards

Ch.12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi protozoa and helminths can

A

cause infectious disease in human

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2
Q

what produces toxins & is not infectious?

A

Algae

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3
Q

what can be vectors of transmission?

A

Arthropods

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4
Q

what are fungi called and what does it mean ?

A

chemohetertrophs and acquire food by absorption

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5
Q

fungi is unicellular or multicellular

A

multicellular

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6
Q

how does fungi reproduce ?

A

most reproduce with sexual and asexual spores

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7
Q

how does algae reproduce?

A

both sexually & asexually

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8
Q

what is algae?

A

photoautotrophs that produce several different photosynthetic pigments

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9
Q

how does algae obtain nutrients?

A

diffusion

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10
Q

some algae are……

A

multicellular
forming colonies, filaments, even tissues

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11
Q

what are protozoa called?

A

most are chemoheterotrophic
few are photoautorophic

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12
Q

how do protozoa obtain nutrients?

A

absorption or ingestion

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13
Q

describe protozoa

A

all are unicellular
many are motile

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14
Q

what do parasitic protozoans form?

A

resistant cysts

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15
Q

describe what arthropod looks like?

A

animals with jointed legs

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16
Q

arthropod can

A

transmit disease

through ex: ticks & some insects

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17
Q

helminths are

A

multicellular animals

chemoheterotrophs

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18
Q

how does helminths obtain nutrients?

A

ingestion through a mouth

some are absorptive

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19
Q

what are the feature of fungi?

A

chemohetertrophic

decompose organic matter

plants depend on symbiotic fins (mycorrhizae)

food source and drug source

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20
Q

compared to bacteria, fungi:

A

grow in a acidic environments

more resistant to osmotic pressure

can grow in low moisture content

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21
Q

saprophytes describe

A

those that decompose organic matter

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22
Q

what is the metabolism of fungi?

A

aerobic (uses oxygen)

facultative aerobes(uses and doesn’t use oxygen)

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23
Q

molds are

A

more filamentous
aerobic

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24
Q

the body(thallus) posses

A

cells in filaments

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25
Q

hyphae can be

A

separate or coenocytic(together)

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26
Q

what does the negative hyphae do?

A

nutrient uptake, metabolism, & growth on and in surface

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27
Q

what is aerial hyphae?(above)

A

where spores are formed

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28
Q

describes yeasts

A

non-filamentous, unicellular fungi

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29
Q

what are the types of yeasts?

A

budding yeasts & fission yeasts

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30
Q

what describes yeasts metabolism?

A

facultative aerobes

31
Q

dimorphic fungi form

A

two forms of growth

32
Q

dimorphic fungi grow as

A

mold or yeast
temperature dependent

33
Q

dimorphic fungi feature

A

of many pathogenic fungi

34
Q

25 C grows

A

mold like

35
Q

37 C grows

A

yeast like

36
Q

cutaneous

A

on skin

dermophyte :inhabit hair skin, nails

37
Q

subcutaneous

A

under skin

38
Q

systemic

A

when the infection spreads to other parts of the body

39
Q

mycoses is

A

fungal diseases

40
Q

what are lichens?

A

are fungi but have mutualistic relationship with algae or cyanobacteria

41
Q

describe the growth lichens?

A

lichen’s thallus (body )

grows as fungal hyphae grow around algal cells(forms the medulla)

42
Q

what are rhizines?

A

hyphal projections below the body; anchors the lichen

43
Q

what is the cortex?

A

protective covering of hyphae

44
Q

fungus receives

A

carbohydrates from alga;

algae receives attachment add protection

45
Q

lichens are found

A

newly exposed rocks, soil
trees
concrete structure
rooftop

46
Q

what are algae?

A

eukaryotic photoautrophs lacking plant tissue

47
Q

how does algae reproduce?

A

asexually / sexually

48
Q

algae is multi or uni

A

multicellular

49
Q

what is eutrophication?

A

removal of oxygen from water begun by addition of organic matter

50
Q

what is eutrophication triggered by?

A

run off of excess nutrients into bodies of water

51
Q

what is the process of eutrophication?

A

1)Excessive, dense growth of algae(“blooms”) result from influx of nitrogen, phosphorous

2) The dense algal growth cannot be sustained and dies; serves as organic matter for heterotrophic bacteria

3) Heterotrophs use oxygen as they consume the mass of dead algae; removing it from the water depletion of O2->fish die

52
Q

what are protozoans?

A

unicellular eukaryotes

mostly aerobic heterotrophs

some aerobic types

few are photosynthetic

53
Q

what are the characteristics of protozoa motility wise:

A

flagella/flagellum

cilia

undulating membrane

pseudopods

54
Q

what are the characteristics of protozoa nutrition wise:

A

digestion in vacuoles

ciliates: intake of food via cytosome

amoeba: pseudopodia

55
Q

apicomplexan is what

A

protozoan group processing complex life cycles

56
Q

what are helminths?

A

multicellular eukaryotic animals

57
Q

Helminths are specialized…..

A

to live in hosts

58
Q

helminths lack

A

digestive system

59
Q

helminths have reduced

A

nervous system

reduced or lacking locomotion(movement is limited)

60
Q

what does a platyhelminths->tematodes(flukes) look like ?

A

flat leaf-shaped ventral and oral sucker

61
Q

how do trematodes absorb food?

A

through cuticle covering

62
Q

what are trematodes in the life cycle?

A

vertebrate & mollusk hosts

63
Q

what are platyhelminths -> cestodes (tapeworms)?

A

intestinal parasites

64
Q

what is the scolex of a tapeworm?

A

head that has suckers for attachment

65
Q

how do tapeworms absorb food?

A

through cuticle

66
Q

what are the proglottids of the tapeworm?

A

body segments

contain female & male reproductive organs

67
Q

what are the platyhelminth pathogens?

A

schistosomiasis ( blood fluke, schistosoma)

lung fluke (paragonimu spp): contaminated shellfish

Tapeworm (taenia spp) eggs are generally ingested through food, water, or soil contaminated with human or animal (host) feces

68
Q

what is a describes a cylindrical with a complete digestive system?

A

roundworms

69
Q

what are free-living and parasitic?

A

roundworms

70
Q

what do male roundworms contain?

A

spicules

71
Q

nematode pathogens:
Eggs Infective

A

Ascaris

Pinworm(Enterbius)

Whipworm(trichuris)

found in the intestines of human hosts

72
Q

nematode pathogens:

Larva Infective

A

hookworm(Necator)-intestial parasite

Trichenollis- undercooked meat of an infected animal

heartworm(dirofilaria)

73
Q

what produces symbiotic relationships between a fungus and an algae?

A

Lichen

Microbio 2302 (15 decks)

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