Ch.12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths Flashcards
Fungi protozoa and helminths can
cause infectious disease in human
what produces toxins & is not infectious?
Algae
what can be vectors of transmission?
Arthropods
what are fungi called and what does it mean ?
chemohetertrophs and acquire food by absorption
fungi is unicellular or multicellular
multicellular
how does fungi reproduce ?
most reproduce with sexual and asexual spores
how does algae reproduce?
both sexually & asexually
what is algae?
photoautotrophs that produce several different photosynthetic pigments
how does algae obtain nutrients?
diffusion
some algae are……
multicellular
forming colonies, filaments, even tissues
what are protozoa called?
most are chemoheterotrophic
few are photoautorophic
how do protozoa obtain nutrients?
absorption or ingestion
describe protozoa
all are unicellular
many are motile
what do parasitic protozoans form?
resistant cysts
describe what arthropod looks like?
animals with jointed legs
arthropod can
transmit disease
through ex: ticks & some insects
helminths are
multicellular animals
chemoheterotrophs
how does helminths obtain nutrients?
ingestion through a mouth
some are absorptive
what are the feature of fungi?
chemohetertrophic
decompose organic matter
plants depend on symbiotic fins (mycorrhizae)
food source and drug source
compared to bacteria, fungi:
grow in a acidic environments
more resistant to osmotic pressure
can grow in low moisture content
saprophytes describe
those that decompose organic matter
what is the metabolism of fungi?
aerobic (uses oxygen)
facultative aerobes(uses and doesn’t use oxygen)
molds are
more filamentous
aerobic
the body(thallus) posses
cells in filaments
hyphae can be
separate or coenocytic(together)
what does the negative hyphae do?
nutrient uptake, metabolism, & growth on and in surface
what is aerial hyphae?(above)
where spores are formed
describes yeasts
non-filamentous, unicellular fungi
what are the types of yeasts?
budding yeasts & fission yeasts
what describes yeasts metabolism?
facultative aerobes
dimorphic fungi form
two forms of growth
dimorphic fungi grow as
mold or yeast
temperature dependent
dimorphic fungi feature
of many pathogenic fungi
25 C grows
mold like
37 C grows
yeast like
cutaneous
on skin
dermophyte :inhabit hair skin, nails
subcutaneous
under skin
systemic
when the infection spreads to other parts of the body
mycoses is
fungal diseases
what are lichens?
are fungi but have mutualistic relationship with algae or cyanobacteria
describe the growth lichens?
lichen’s thallus (body )
grows as fungal hyphae grow around algal cells(forms the medulla)
what are rhizines?
hyphal projections below the body; anchors the lichen
what is the cortex?
protective covering of hyphae
fungus receives
carbohydrates from alga;
algae receives attachment add protection
lichens are found
newly exposed rocks, soil
trees
concrete structure
rooftop
what are algae?
eukaryotic photoautrophs lacking plant tissue
how does algae reproduce?
asexually / sexually
algae is multi or uni
multicellular
what is eutrophication?
removal of oxygen from water begun by addition of organic matter
what is eutrophication triggered by?
run off of excess nutrients into bodies of water
what is the process of eutrophication?
1)Excessive, dense growth of algae(“blooms”) result from influx of nitrogen, phosphorous
2) The dense algal growth cannot be sustained and dies; serves as organic matter for heterotrophic bacteria
3) Heterotrophs use oxygen as they consume the mass of dead algae; removing it from the water depletion of O2->fish die
what are protozoans?
unicellular eukaryotes
mostly aerobic heterotrophs
some aerobic types
few are photosynthetic
what are the characteristics of protozoa motility wise:
flagella/flagellum
cilia
undulating membrane
pseudopods
what are the characteristics of protozoa nutrition wise:
digestion in vacuoles
ciliates: intake of food via cytosome
amoeba: pseudopodia
apicomplexan is what
protozoan group processing complex life cycles
what are helminths?
multicellular eukaryotic animals
Helminths are specialized…..
to live in hosts
helminths lack
digestive system
helminths have reduced
nervous system
reduced or lacking locomotion(movement is limited)
what does a platyhelminths->tematodes(flukes) look like ?
flat leaf-shaped ventral and oral sucker
how do trematodes absorb food?
through cuticle covering
what are trematodes in the life cycle?
vertebrate & mollusk hosts
what are platyhelminths -> cestodes (tapeworms)?
intestinal parasites
what is the scolex of a tapeworm?
head that has suckers for attachment
how do tapeworms absorb food?
through cuticle
what are the proglottids of the tapeworm?
body segments
contain female & male reproductive organs
what are the platyhelminth pathogens?
schistosomiasis ( blood fluke, schistosoma)
lung fluke (paragonimu spp): contaminated shellfish
Tapeworm (taenia spp) eggs are generally ingested through food, water, or soil contaminated with human or animal (host) feces
what is a describes a cylindrical with a complete digestive system?
roundworms
what are free-living and parasitic?
roundworms
what do male roundworms contain?
spicules
nematode pathogens:
Eggs Infective
Ascaris
Pinworm(Enterbius)
Whipworm(trichuris)
found in the intestines of human hosts
nematode pathogens:
Larva Infective
hookworm(Necator)-intestial parasite
Trichenollis- undercooked meat of an infected animal
heartworm(dirofilaria)
what produces symbiotic relationships between a fungus and an algae?
Lichen
