Ch.17 Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
what are antigens (Ag)?
are molecules that in the body activate lymphocytes
what do B cells do?
interact w/antigen via surface immunoglobins i.e, antibodies
what do T cells do?
interact w/ antigen via surface antigen receptors
how does interaction with antigens with smaller segments occur
epitopes or antigenic determinants
what are epitopes that elicit an immune response?
protein, peptide, or complex polysaccharides
what are variable regions?
possess variable amino acid sequences and are antigen-binding sites
what are the antibody classes of IgG, IgD, and IgE?
monomer forms
what are the antibody classes of IgM, and IgA?
are aggerates of 2 or more monomers
describe IgA
dimer
found mainly on mucosal surfaces & in secretions
prevents pathogen attachment to surfaces
describe IgG
monomer
most abundant in blood and tissue fluids
opsonization
activate complement
neutralize viruses
describe IgD
found on B cells & in blood, lymph
describe IgM
The circulating type is a pentamer
generally remains in blood vessels
first Ab detected in immune response
effective in aggulation & complement activation
describe IgE
found on the surface of mast cells & basophils
cause release of histamines & other chemicals by the cells in the presence of antigen
can attract complement, phagocytic cells
what is the humoral immune response most effective?
extracellular pathogens
what is the humoral immune response to a microbe?
is a composite of responses to different epitopes by thousands of b cells
what do B cells possess?
surface immunoglobins that bind to their specific epitope which activate B Cell